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A 403363

I-C3

HoLrvd Book

The Cathedral of SL Peter iniiS

Mt. St. Alban, Washington,
ptJBUsnED BY THE auihority or tne bishop »nd on«PiEK of wash

Stxth Edition, Revhed and Enlarsed.
PRICE, 25 CENTS

, J

It it ■•

Waaljingtnn (llatlffliirul

Published by the Authority of the
Bishop and Chapter of Washington

Sixth Edition

Revised and Enlarged

Edited by

G. C. F. BrATENAHL, D. D., Canon of IVashington Cathedral
Mt. St. Alban, Washington, D. C.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Altak, The 52

Ambon, The S8

Baptistery and Jordan Font 64

Bethlehem Chapel of the Holy Nativity 30

Bishop Claggett's Tomp. 86

Boys' School 66

Braddock Boulder 70

Canterbury Ambon 58

Cathedral Organization 77

Cathedral Services, List of 71

Chapter, The 77

Churches and Missions 102

Close. The 45

Constitution, The 74

Corner-Stone Service 84

Council, The 77

Description of the Proposio) Cathedrai ; 8

Dimensions of Great CathediIals 26

Drin king-Water Fountain 70

English Church and Papal Claims, The 96

Faith of the Framers of the Constitution of the United States 93

Faith of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence » 94

Form of Testamentary Disposition 104

F'ouNDATiON Stone Service 83

Girls' School 68

Glastonbury Cathedra 54

Glastonbury Thorn 61

Glossary 99

Hilda Stone and Book of Remembrance, The 56

Historic Episcopate 87

Historical Notes ^ 78

In the Name of a Disciple 39

Interior of the Little Sanctuary 53

loNA Stone, The 57

^>n: i Acn

TABLE OF COiiTEiiTS,— Continued.

PAGE

Jerusalem Altar Tablet 52

Jordan Stones, The 65

Landmark and Sundial 61

Little Sanctuary and Its Contents 48

Mace, The 80

Missions and Churches 102

National Cathedral School for Boys 66

National Cathedral School for Girls 68

Open-Air Services 71

Pan-American Missionary Service 82

Peace Cross and Salem Place 46

Peace Cross Service 80

People's Open-Air Drinking- Water I^^ountain 70

Roman Church — Erroneous Claims. 96

Saint Chrysostom Fund 47

Salem Place and Peace Cross 46

Seal of Diocese of Washington 72

Seal of Washington Cathedraf 73

Services, List of ; • 71

Sinai Cross, The 60

Tomb of Bishop Clagoktt 86

Washington Cathedral, The Exterior 16

" " The Interior 20

The Size 24

The Skai 73

" " The Constitution 74

Whitby Abbey 56

ILLUSTRATIONS

PACJK

Map ok Cathedral Grounds (Faces page 2 of cover.)

View of West Faqade of Cathedral 2

Washington from Cathedral Close 9

View of the U. S. Capitol Through All Hallow's Gate 13

View of Cathedral From Southwest 17

View of Nave of Cathedral. 21

Ground Plan of Cathedral 27

Interior of Bethlehem Chapel 31

Ground Plan of Bethlehem Chapel 33

I'ouNDATiON Builders' Plan 37

Bishop Sattkrlee 40

Christian Unity Service 43

The Close 44

People's Open-Air Evensong 46

The Little Sanctuary and Choir School 49

The Little Sanctuary, Interior 50

Jerusalem Stones Leaving Holy City 52

The Glastonbury Cathedra 55

The Hilda Stone and Book of Remembrance 56

The Zona Stone 57

The Canterbury Am hon 59

The Sinai Cross 60

The Landmark and Sundial. 61

The Glastonbury Thorn 61

The Baptistery 62

The Jordan Font 64

Gathering the Stones in River Jordan 65

National Cathedral School for Boys 66

Boys' School Baseball Team 67

The National CATHia)RAL School for Girls 68

The Entrance Hall. Girls' School 69

The Drinking- Water F^ountain 70

The Braddock Boulder 70

St. Alban's Church 71

Seal of Diocese 12

Seal of Cathedral IZ

The Mace 80

Unveiling of the Peace Cross 81

The Foundation Stone Service 83

Corner-Stone Service 85

Bishop Claggett's Tomb 86

George Washington 93

Signers of the Declaration of Independence 94-95

Brotherhood of St. Andrew Service 101

The BiSHor of London Preaching 103

jForetoorD*

ANEW edition of the Hand Rook of Washington Cathedral having
become necessary, advantage has been taken of the opportunity
thus afforded to bring the subject-matter up to date. For, under the
blessing of Almighty God, the great work, so successfully begun by our
beloved first Bishop, the Right Reverend Doctor Henry Yates Satterlee,
has not been suffered to lie dormant, but has progressed steadily along
the lines advocated and made possible by him. His life of great faith,
of unceasing prayer, of patient investigation, of matured convictions,
of extraordinary labors, has borne splendid fruit. We may not meas-
ure its fertility by what he accomplished in his lifetime, but by the
enduring power of his example and especially by the vitality he im-
parted to tlie great ideals emjjodied in the National Cathedral Founda-
tion for the promotion of religion, education, and charity.

The best tribute that can be rendered to Bishop Satterlee is to
carry forward to realization, as God shall enable us, those ideals for
which he worked and prayed unceasingly, and which he has bequeathed
as a legacy to us.

The Cattikdral Committees.

In endeavoring to do this, the Bishop and Chapter have been splen-
didly sustained by the loving co-operation of the Clergy and people of
the Diocese, by friends of the Cathedral throughout the whole country,
and not least by the Cathedral Committees formed by Bishop Satterlee.
These Committees have continued their efforts in behalf of the Cathe-
dral with the same unremitting zeal which characterized them during
the lifetime of their founder. It is our earnest hope that such com-
mittees mcty be formed in all cities.

Our First Work — The Crypt Chapel.

Our efforts have been concentrated specially on the building of the
Bethlehem Chapel of the Holy Nativity, as the first part of the Cathe-
dral to be constructed, and as the fitting memorial of Bishop Satterlee's
life and labors. It was his own suggestion that this Chapel in the
Crypt might be built as a memorial, and in such case might be made,
by the generosity of the donor, very beautiful. When the Bishop was
taken from us, it was felt by all that his suggestion was prophetic, and
that we must build the Bethlehem Chapel as his memorial, and make it
''exceeding magnifical."

The Foundations.

To this end, it was necessary to lay in first the massive founda-
tions of the Sanctuary and Chancel of the Cathedral, on which the
Bethlehem Chapel is now being erected, and over the roof of which,
in due time, the glorious Chancel and Sanctuary will rise. It is our
plan, after the Bethlehem Chapel is completed, to bend our energies, as
urged upon us by the Architects, to the laying in of all the rest of the
foundations of the Cathedral, before any further superstructure is
attempted, so that the whole foundation may be well bonded together.

The Stone.

Much time and labor has been expended in important investiga-
tions and decisions, preliminary to so great an undertaking as the
Cathedral building. Among these was the selection of the stone, of
which it should be builded. After consulting experts and hearing
reports of Commissions, who visited quarries in various places, Indiana
Limestone was chosen, a stone both beautiful and durable, and well
adapted to our climate and to Gothic Architecture.

The Working Plans.

Much time and labor has been expended by tlic Arcliitect, Air.
Henry Vaughan, in the preparation of the working drawings and
specifications for the foundations and for the Bethlehem Chapel.

The Result.

The result of these labors is to be found in foundations of greater
solidity and strength, according to the opinion of eminent engineers,
than those of any public building in Washington. Of the Bethlehem
Chapel of the Holy Nativity it is not too much to say, that the plans
as now developed will give us the most beautiful Crypt Chapel in the
world. This is as it should be, for it is the memorial of a singularly
beautiful and saintly life. Not only is it to be very beautiful, but it
carries out in full the ideal and vision of Bishop Satterlee, as set forth
in the Cathedral Builders' Book. As the basis of our most holy Faith
is the Incarnation of our Blessed Lord, so at the basis of the Cathedral
structure he desired to see a Chapel devoted to the mystery of the
Incarnation. He named it : "The Bethlehem Chapel of the Nativity."
Accordingly, in every part, in painted window, in statues, in the carving
on Altar and Reredos, in fitting texts on wall and lintel, the story of
the little town of Bethlehem, and the story of the Nativity, the messages
of prophets, and the songs and messages of the angels, are told.

Recent Gifts.

Already, through the generous kindness of a few* friends of the
Cathedral, everything needed for the interior of the Bethlehem Chapel
has been provided. In this way, the five great windows for the Apse,
the Altar and Reredos and Chancel furniture, the Organ, the Lectern,
the Altar Cross and Sacred Vessels, and the seating, have been given.
One splendid gift covers the expense of an extra bay of the founda-
tion, which had to be laid in this year to afford proper access to the
Bethlehem Chapel.

The Bishop's House.

Provision has also been made by a generous Washington Church-
woman for the immediate erection of a Bishop's House to be called the
"Mabel Murray Memorial/' on the Cathedral Close, near by the
future Cathedral. The plans and specifications are being prepared, and
it is hoped that the building will be soon begun. On February 7th,
after a celebration of the Holy Communion in the Little Sanctuary,
ground was broken for this House with solemn prayer and praise.
When this House is built, it will become at once a center of unity for
the whole Cathedral work.

Our Hope.

All this is most encouraging. For these manifestations of God's
blessings, we are deeply thankful. Now we are praying that He may
put it into the hearts of His faithful people to make such gifts, as
will enable us to pay for the Chapel itself, when it is finished. Then
our beautiful Memorial to Bishop Satterlee would be fully and worthily
accompHshed.

Looking to the Future.

It is a great step forward to have actually begun in the years 1910
and 1911 the structure of the great Cathedral building. We shall pro-
ceed, as we have said, to lay in all the rest of the foundations, and then
to build the superstructure, as God, through the offerings of His people,
shall give us the requisite means.

To this end, we are endeavoring to form Cathedral Committees
throughout the whole land, and through them to give every patriotic
American Churchman and Churchwoman an opportunity to contribute
and to have a share in building the National Cathedral.

The Wide Scope of Our Foundation.

The scope and plan of the National Cathedral Foundation in
Washington is, however, larger and wider than the erection of the
Cathedral and the maintenance of the worship and preaching of the
Gospel in it. The building is essential to that important feature of the
work. May God hasten its completion to the end that its witness to
Christ in the Capital may be felt, that its noble and uplifting architec-
ture, and its solemn and beautiful services, may touch the hearts
of men.

But the Cathedral foundation contemplated from the beginning
work on the lines of Christian education, missions, charity, and the
promotion of Christian learning and Christian unity.

Our Schools.

Two important schools, one for boys and one for girls, are in
successful operation on the Cathedral Close. Their helpfulness and in-
fluence could be greatly increased by additional buildings already
greatly needed, and by endowments, enabling us to give to many worthy
applicants partial or full scholarships. Our profound conviction is
that such Christian, secondary schools, should rivet the attention of
Churchmen of means, as worthy of some of the benefactions so freely
poured out on colleges and universities. It is plain to thoughtful
minds that it is in the preparatory schools that our children's charac-
ters, their moral and religious natures, their principles, their sense of
duty, of order, and their powers of application are developed. In
perhaps the majority of cases, the secondary school gives all that a
boy or girl gets in the way of education. It is the minority only that
can afford to go to college. This great educational work is being car-
ried on under the Cathedral Foundation.

Mission Preachers.

To provide special preachers and lecturers in schools and colleges,
and preachers of Missions in our Parishes, as well as at Open-air Serv-
ices and in the streets, is another object of the Cathedral Foundation.
When the Canon Missioner is appointed this work will be under him.

The Library.

On the Cathedral Close there will be a great Christian Library for
the u$e of scholars and the whole community. There is nothing of this
kind in Washington. We have already the nucleus of such a collection
of books. When such a Library is established in a suitable building,
it will be a place where the retired and aged clergy will find opportuni-
ties of usefulness, and, therefore, added happiness during the remainder
of their lives.

The Clergy Village.

The Clergy village, where retired clergymen could build homes of
their own, or grateful Parishes or friends could build them for them,
close by the Cathedral, so that they could enjoy and assist in its serv-
ices, and use its Library, is one of the possibiHties of the future which
will doubtless elicit the practical interest of benevolent people.

A Great Foundation.

Thus the Cathedral Foundation of Washington is to be practically
a Church University with its departments for the promotion of religion,
learning, charity, and good- will among all Christian people. Its objects
are more appealing and infinitely more important than many of the
great foundations for various objects to which so many millions have
recently been given.

The Kasson Fund.

The great benefaction of the Honorable John A. Kasson, long-
time member of the Chapter and fully acquainted with its large scope
and important objects, gives us hope that other stewards of large wealth
may see as he did the worth of the Cathedral Foundation to the Church
and to the Nation. In his will he gave it his unqualified endorsement,
and wisely provided that the income from his legacy should be available
and used for the maintenance of the Cathedral, for its work of preach-
ing and charity, before or after the erection of the Cathedral fabric.

What Our Friends May Do.

With so much to encourage us in this great undertaking, we are
asking our friends to help us to make its progress and its ideals more
fully known. We want them to tell it out abroad that large sums
are needed and desired from all loyal Churchmen "according as God
hath prospered them." Above all, we ask that in faith and love, and
in the hope that maketh not ashamed, our friends will add to their
daily devotions

A Prayer
For the Building of Washington Cathedral.

O Lord Jesus Christ, who hast taught us that all things are possible
to him that believeth, and that thou wilt favourably hear the prayers
of those who ask in thy Name ; We plead the fulfillment of thy promise,
and beseech thee to hasten the building, in the Capital of this nation,
of thy House of Prayer for all people. Make speed to help us, O Lord,
whom with the Father and the Holy Spirit, we worship and glorify as
one God, world without end. Amen.

Alfred Harding,
Bishop of Washington.

Easter, A. D. 191 L

mstubimton CatDeDral

AND THE

Working Out of an Ideal.

(From the Cathedral Builders' Book, by the Rt. Rev. Henry Yates

Satterlee, D. D., LL. D.)

The idea of a great Cathedral, or House of God for all people, in
Washington, may be traced to the latter part of the 18th Century, and
to the foundation of the City itself.

According to Major TEnfant, the French architect employed by
General Washington to plan the "Federal City," as it was then called^
the erection of such a building was in the mind of the Father of his
Country himself. L'Enfant thus described it: "A Church (to be
erected) for national purposes, such as public prayer, thanksgiving,
^uneral orations, etc. ; and be assigned to the special use of no partic-
ular denomination or sect ; but be equally open to all. It will likewise
be a shelter for such monuments as were voted by the last Continental
Congress for the heroes who fell in the cause of liberty."

But, of course, the erection of such a church was found to be im-
possible, in a land where Church and State are irrevocably separated:
and, therefore, nothing was, or could be, done in this direction. The
idea was, therefore, abandoned, and the chosen site was afterward
appropriated to the erection of the present Patent Office.

The Cathedral Idea.

The popular idea of a Cathedral is that of a stately structure, in
which imposing religious services are held, and which impresses all
beholders by its size and architectural magnificence. It is true that a
great building always exercises a great influence, and the way in which
visitors to Washington are impressed by the Capitol Building, and
Americans traveling abroad by the great Cathedrals of Europe, is a
striking evidence of this power. But this is only one part, and that,,
the smallest part, of the divine objects which a Cathedral is intended
to subserve.

Long before the material structure of the Cathedral Church of
St. Peter and St. Paul was planned, the ideal of a Cathedral, in its

WORSHIP and work^ floated before the minds of the Bishop and Chap-
ter. That ideal is perhaps best embodied in the Preamble to the Con-
stitution of the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation, which
reads as follows :

"The purpose of the Cathedral Church in the Diocese of Wash-
ington is threefold :

''First, It shall be a House of Prayer for all people, for ever free
and open, welcoming all who enter its doors to hear the glad tidings of
the Kingdom of Heaven, and to worship God in spirit and in truth.
It shall stand in the Capital of our country as a witness for Jesus
Christ, the same yesterday, to-day and forever ; and for the Faith once
for all delivered to the saints ; and for the ministration of Christ's Holy
Word and Sacraments, which according to His own divine ordinance,
is to continue always unto the end of the world.

''Second. It shall be the Bishop's Church, in which his Cathedra is
placed. Inasmuch as he is called to an apostolic office, and apostolic
duties are laid upon him, this Cathedral Church is to be so built, and
its organization is to be so ordered, as to afford him, without let or
hindrance or division of his apostolic authority, full and free oppor-
tunity for discharging the responsibilities of his sacred office.

"Third. It shall be the Mother Church of the Diocese, maintaining
and developing under the pastoral direction of the Bishop and the Dean,
his Vicar, the fourfold work of a Cathedral, viz. :

"Worship, under the guidance of a Precentor ;
"Missions, under the guidance of a Missioner ;
"Education, under the guidance of a Chancellor ;
"Charity, under the guidance of an Almoner.

"The better to subserve this purpose, all supra-parochial organiza-
tions in the Diocese, evangelical and missionary, theological and educa-
tional, devotional and musical, charitable and institutional, should be
affiliated with the Cathedral as far as possible.

"The work of the Cathedral is not to be that of a Parish Church,
because its sphere is above and beyond that of the parish. So far from
interfering with parochial life, it must be a help and inspiration to all
the parishes of the Diocese.

"The further and more definite organization of the different parts
of the Cathedral Foundation, in its relation to the Diocese and the
Church at large, the functions of the different officers, the responsi-
bilities, privileges, and limitations of each office, the different spheres of
activity and matters of detail, are left open for adjustment as the work
develops.

"The Bishop, the members of the Cathedral Chapter, and the mem-
bers of the Cathedral Council are charged with the responsibility, first,

of maintaining for the time to come, in the spirit of the Anglican Basis
for Church Unity, this ideal of the Cathedral of Washington, so that
its work may be paramount and progressive ; and, secondly, of securing
that godly co-operation in the Church, which is set forth by St. Paul
in the twelfth and thirteenth Chapters of the First Epistle to the
Corinthians."

For God and Our Country.

The working out of the ideal of a Cathedral in the Capital of the
nation would be incomplete without including its national as well as
religious aspects.

Washington Cathedral has a special office and mission for God to
fulfill in the life and welfare of this Nation, and appeals to the sym-
pathy, moral convictions, and generous support of all true patriots as
well as all loyal sons of the Church.

From time immemorial, religious and patriotic associations have
been intertwined. As the love of God spontaneously inspires the love
of country, so the instinct of patriotism, at its highest, always passes
into a prayer to God. Even in the Ten Commandments, the Fatherland
is called "The Land which the Lord thy God giveth thee."

And this is pre-eminently true of our own country, for when we
look back to colonial times — whether to the history of Virginia or
Massachusetts, of New York or Connecticut, of Pennsylvania or Mary-
land — a Christian can not but recognize that our nation was born of
Ciod. The very principles upon which the Commonwealth has been
founded were drawn from the Bible, which is the Divine charter of
all true and lasting Liberty, Fraternity and Equality.

The Signers of the Declaration of Independence and the Framers
of the Constitution were men of Christian principle, nurtured in Chris-
tian homes ; indeed, the large majority of them were Churchmen as
well as patriots, and it is our priceless heritage, not only that we have
the memory of their patriotic Hves to inspire us, but also the remem-
brance that they held, from religious conviction, the necessity of the
separation of Church and State. They read understandingly the past
history of the Christian era, which shows conclusively that both Church
and State have been fettered when connected together, and that it was
contrary to the very spirit of the Gospel, either to make the State relig-
ious through coercion, or to reduce the Church to a politico-ecclesias-
tical institution.

Though the popular mind has been accustomed to dwell chiefly on
the disadvantages to the State in such an alliance, Christians are begin-

ning to perceive that, through all, the Church of Christ herself was the
greatest sufferer ; for while the State represents only the average moral
standard of the community and the consensus of the governed, the
Church was commissioned by Christ to go teach all nations whatsoever
He had commanded, and if she disobeys that command, she not only
ceases to be a spiritual guide to the people, but causes them to lose faith
in the Christian Religion. Beneath all reforms of State or common-
wealth is that spirit of reform which Christ inspires in the hearts of his
followers, and Christ's Reform means that, through love to God and to
our neighbor, God's kingdom will come when God's will is done on
earth as it is in heaven.

If the word ^^Selfishness" is substituted for '^Freedom" in the
popular maxim, "Every man must he free up to the point where his
freedom interferes with the freedom of others" this would express
what myriads mean by modern civilization (though this idea is as old
as Plato).

But to the Church all reforms, which are based on the principle of
self-interest , enlightened or unenlightened, as the sole motive in com-
merce, or trade, in the commonwealth or the progress of civilization,
are a compromise with the very power which the Gospel of Christ
seeks to overcome.

The Church was ordained to present the Christian Religion not
only as a creed but as a life ; not only as a reHgious confession, but a
religious example ; and it is therefore of the highest importance that
she should thus stand as a witness for Christ at the Capital of the
Nation.

Unlike the Medieval Cathedrals of Europe, with their deep-rooted
customs and traditions of a united Church and State, Washington
Cathedral will stand on the firm foundation of a Free Church in a Free
State — free from any entangling alliance with the government ; free to
declare the whole Word of God without fear or favor of any poHtical
party ; free to send a Savonarola into the Cathedral pulpit, to hold up
the Gospel standard of Christ Himself amid those evils which honey-
comb the social and poHtical life of the capital of every modern nation ;
free to proclaim fearlessly the danger of denying Christ and becoming
"sub-Christian," when the tendency of the people is to accept no higher
ethic than that of civil government itself ; free to exercise spiritual
leadership when the influences of such leadership will be needed and
felt ; and welcomed by higli-minded statesmen themselves.

VIEW or THE U. S. CAPITOL THROUGH ALL HALLOWS GATE

This is a new sphere for a Cathedral to fill, which will make it
distinctively an American Cathedral ; it opens out new possibilities and
vast opportunities for usefulness for the extension of the Kingdom of
Heaven ; and the extension of Christ's Kingdom is the only way out
of many evils that the kingdoms of this world have brought into exist-
ence. The very fact of the necessary and complete separation of
Church and State and the ignoring of all Religion in the written Con-
stitution of our Country emphasizes the need that the Church should
bear unfaltering witness for Jesus Christ at the seat of Government,
and increases her God-given responsibilities regarding the Nation itself.

The Cathedral Building.

The Cathedral of Washington is to be a center of worship and
devotional life. It is to be a center for Church work and an inspiration
to the workers. It is to express and satisfy our esthetic and artistic
aspirations by the beauty of its proportions and its architecture. It
is to be a witness for Jesus Christ in the Capital of the Country, in
its stately magnificence. It is to be a House of Prayer for all people,
and to impress all who enter its doors with its religious atmosphere.

The Bishop, Chapter, and Architects have been of one heart and
mind in feeling that all these different needs would be met and satisfied,
if the Cathedral of Washington is built to express the triumph of the
Christian Faith, in the Incarnation, Crucifixion, Resurrection, and
Ascension of the reigning Christ and stand as an Apostles Creed in-
stone.

This has been the inspiration and ruling idea of the Architects-
in designing every part, from the Great Doorway of the West-Front
to the Apse, with its Sanctuary, at the East. As Christ is "The Light
of the World," so the Cathedral has been built, as we shall see when
we come to describe its interior, around the beam of sunlight which
falls upon the Altar. "Thy Name, O I-ord, endureth for ever, and so
doth Thy memorial, O Lord, from one generation to another."

The Choice of Architects.

Within one month of the final payment of the mortgage on the
Cathedral Close by Mrs. Julian- James, the Cathedral Chapter requested
Messrs. D. H. Burnham and Charles F. McKim, of the "Park Commis-
sion," appointed by Congress, and Mr. Bernard R. Green, Sir C. Purdon

Clarke and Professor Moore of Harvard University, to act as an Ad-
visory Board, regarding the site of the Cathedral and the method of
procedure in the choice of architects. At the end of four months, this
Board unanimously advised, ( 1 ) that the Cathedral should be built on
the highest part of the Close, from which the ground slopes on every
side; (2) that there should be no competition whatever, and that the
man, not the plan, should be chosen. Regarding the style of architec-
ture there were differences of opinion ; but that was not an open ques-
tion, as the Chapter had already unanimously decided that the style
should be Gothic.

It was then decided also, after accepting this report, that different
architects in America and England should be invited, not to send in
plans for the future Cathedral, but drawings of Gothic work, which
had been designed and completed by them.

During the summer of 1906, while members of a Cathedral Com-
mittee appointed by the Chapter were extending this invitation to, and
corresponding with, different American architects, the Bishop of the
Diocese went to England, and had the opportunity of conferences with
Bishops of the English Church, and with architects and others, who
were skilled in Gothic construction.

In October, 1906, the Bishop and Special Committee reported at a
Chapter meeting what they had done during the summer; and the
Chapter then, by a unanimous vote, selected Mr. Henry Vaughan, of
Boston, and Dr. G. F. Bodley, R. A., of London, to prepare and present
designs for Washington Cathedral. In December, Messrs. Vaughan
and Bodley came to Washington to study the site and confer with the
Chapter. Six months after, they submitted the Designs which are
printed in this pamphlet; and, after careful consideration, these plans
were unanimously accepted both by the Cathedral Chapter and the
Cathedral Council.

The Style of tfie Cathedral.

No other style of architecture is so distinctly Christian as Gothic.
It is hallowed by the Christian associations of the ages and links the
present with the past in Devotion and Common Prayer.

As the Architects say in their Report, the Cathedral will be "Gothic
of the Fourteenth Ceutury, a style of architecture the most beautiful,
as we think, that the world has ever seen.'

?»

This "Decorated" style, as it is often called, characterizes the
period, after Gothic architecture had passed through the imperfec-
tions of its formative stage, and before the exaggerations of its age
of decadence.

Again, while Washington Cathedral will be, on the whole, English
Gothic, for instance in its "long drawn aisle,'' its proportions of parts,
its great central tower, the dark line of its triforium beneath the
clerestory windows, its geometric tracery and other features; still,
these will be intermingled with features of the French Gothic which are
no less distinctive. Such are the great doorways of the west front,
the apsidal Chancel, the shape of the flying buttresses, and the enrich-
ment and. carving of various parts. The aim of the architects has
been, not to copy and raise, on American soil, any particular Cathedral
of England or the Continent, but to reproduce the Gothic style itself,
in its best period and in the spirit of the old Masters.

Hence, it has been, to those who have seen the designs, a vivid
reminder of the Cathedral with which they are most familiar, whether
that be Canterbury or Westminster Abbey, York Minster or Lincoln,
Cologne or Rheims. Thus, Washington Cathedral is thoroughly typical
of the best period of Gothic architecture, and yet, at the same time,
it has an individuality all its own.

The Exterior of the Cathedral.

In the majestic beauty of the exterior the designs for Washington
Cathedral have surpassed all expectations.

Standing on the highest part of Mount St. Alban, nearly four hun-
dred feet above the Potomac, covering an acre and a half of land, with
the ground sloping away from it on every side, its roof line will appear
to the eye on a level with the top of the Washington Monument. As
seen from the esplanade of the Capitol, and other parts of Washington,
the Cathedral (see page 17) will loom up on the top of the hill which
cuts against the Western horizon, with its three towers mounting
upward above it pointing heavenward. And it may be said here, that
towers instead of spires were chosen because, as Washington is in the
same latitude as Southern Italy, or the Alhambra in Spain, spires, in
the bright, golden sunshine of our atmosphere, would appear attenuated
and indistinct. Italy has always campaniles instead of spires. Also,
while spires lend beauty to churches in the valley, towers seem more
congruous with churches on the hill. The great central tower of

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Washington Cathedral will rise 220 feet in height. In recessed panels
below the long belfry windows, there will be figures of angels, each
with a scroll in hand, upon which may be read the words, '*Glory to
God in the highest and on earth Peace, Good Will towards Men." As
it was from the lips of those Herald Angels that the Church caught
first the word "Gospel" — ''the glad tidings from Heaven"; and as the
angelic '^Gloria in Excelsis Deo" is the aspiration which has given
rise to the great Cathedral, it is most appropriate that this thought
should find expression in its Central Tower.

Passing down from tower to roof and walls, one will observe the
flying buttresses, the deeply recessed windows of transepts, the tracery
of the clerestory windows, the carved parapet, the crocketed pinnacles,
the statues with their canopies, and the ornamental use of words from
the Canticles of Morning and Evening Prayer.

Regarding ornamentation, the architects say in their report :

"One word as to the treatment of the building as regards its rich-
ness, or the reverse. We think the drawings show that it is rich
enough. That there should be plenty of surface of massive stone
ashlar (or plain surface) is most desirable for all good architecture,
especially with a building so large as this. A small building may be
rich all over, but it is beneath the dignity of a great one. For a large
building, if well designed, has an instinctive dignity and a grandeur
about it that may well dispense with too lavish exuberance of orna-
ment. Again, there should be concentration of richness and not a
spreading of it all over a building. We think our building is rich
enough. Internally, the Screen and the Reredoses, the Stalls, and the
Bishop's throne, could be as rich as any donor likes to make them ; but
we think the fabric is sufficiently ornate, taking it as a whole. That
it will be impressive by its size and dignity we doubt not. As we have
said, we have suggested a good many statues which will give much
interest to the building. They could be added by degrees."

It will also be observed that the ornamentation on the exterior,
as well as the interior, increases, as one approaches the chancel end,
or Sanctuary of the Cathedral, where the decoration reaches its climax
of richness.

Passing now to the West Fagade, the first distant view conveys
the impression of security and defence. "The name of the Lord is a
strong tower. The righteous entereth into it and is safe." Christ is
the Rock of Ages and His Church is a rock of refuge.

The battlemented towers of the Cathedral with their precipitous
sides, the dark cavernous porticoes beneath, the rugged massive but-
tresses, casting their long deep shadows as they mount upward, are all
a vivid reminder of the Cathedral-like forms so often seen in the
Dolomites and other mountains.

On a near approach one beholds the architectural features and
details of the Fagade. The two Towers of the West-Front, while they
have all the quiet dignity and simplicity of the Campanile below, are
full of Gothic feeling and delicate tracery above, where they mount
upward into the clear blue sky.

Between these towers is the great central doorway, flanked by a
smaller one on either side. This is a unique feature of Washington
Cathedral. It is different from the Facade of English Cathedrals (ex-
cept those of Peterborough and Lincoln), where the large rose windows
of the West-Front dwarf the entrance beneath — because in that more
northern clime the west light is needed for the interior; different, too,
from the richly carved and recessed doors of the Cathedrals of France,
whose depth and beauty are gained by the device of Gothic porches
which project before and mask the Cathedral Fagade itself.

The silent grandeur of these great Doorways of Washington
Cathedral will be exceedingly impressive. It can be partially reaHzed,
even in the accompanying view of the West-Front, if one contrasts the
human forms on the steps below, with the arches which rise above
them. The central arch is seventy feet in height, and the two side ones
fifty feet, piercing the two lofty Towers of the West-Front.

Above the central arch is another unique feature which is more
distinctively characteristic of the French Gothic style. Here, instead
of a row of statues, there is a large bas-relief of a group, with a figure
of Christ in the center, which, at the first glance, might seem to be
symbolical of the Last Judgment, wrought in the very spirit of the
old prophets.

This impression fades and yet lingers in the background, on a
nearer and more distinct view of the group. The symbolism, however,
comes not of Dante, but from the New Testament itself. The bas-
relief represents Christ in the Temple, as, with uplifted hand, He gave
the only charge which He ever uttered about a church building: "My
House shall be called the House of Prayer." On His right hand
stand the Apostles, the children holding palm branches and singing
their glad hosannas, while the blind and the lame kneel before Him

to be healed, as they did in the Temple on Palm Sunday. On His
left hand are seen the shrinking and retreating forms of Annas and
the Chief Priests, with Judas in their midst, all convicted by their
own consciences, as, with the authority of the Eternal Judge, Christ
casts out the buyers and the sellers and the money changers from His
House of Prayer.

While, therefore, this bas-relief of Christ in the Temple is a
warning to all who pass beneath it, into this House of God, against
that sordid, idolatrous spirit of covetousness, which brought on the
crucifixion of the Son of God, it tells, on the other hand, of Christ's
tender love and compassionate care for the poor, the maimed, the help-
less, and all, whosoever they may be, who enter these doors to pray.

Standing thus in the forefront of the Cathedral the scene is full
of deep symbolism and significance. Those words: "My House shall
be called the House of Prayer for all people," though spoken to Jewish
ears, must have been chiefly intended by Christ as a charge to His
Church and to Christians for all future time, for He uttered them
when He was bidding farewell to the Jewish Temple forever and was
foretelling its final destruction.

The Interior of the Cathedral.

The three Archways of the West-Front lead to a spacious portico
which in itself affords a protecting shelter, extends a "welcome" and
breathes that New Testament message: "The Spirit and the Bride
say come." Beneath its shadows are seen the recessed doorways lead-
ing into the Cathedral itself and ornamented with statues, arcading,.
and pillars. This Portico, illustrative of Old Testament history, may
be a veritable Bible in stone.

On entering, through the Central Doorway, the great interior,
93 feet in height, with its five aisles 132 feet in breadth, and 450 feet
in length, is before us, in all its sacred majesty. To quote the archi-^
tects' words:

"The first impression will be the continuous height of the main, or
central, part, namely, the Nave, Choir and Apse. The next, and nearly
as powerful a one, will be the width ; for with the outer aisles and the
range of columns on either side, and the Transepts, the effect of the
width will be very considerable. Then, as we hope and think may be
confidently anticipated, will be the uplifting proportion of the whole —

the tall piers and arches, with the Triforium and the lofty clerestory,
and the rich and full, tree-like, branching vaulting, springing from soar-
ing vertical shafts, rising from the floor, and of slender diameter. For
pains have been taken to make the interior effect a striking and an
inspiring one.

The Triforium will be continued around the Apse, knitting all
together into, as we hope and believe it will be, an elevating, har-
monious whole ; ad majorem Dei gloriam."

When the eye becomes accustomed to the subdued religious tone
of the interior, it will be noticed that this uplifting effect is caused,
first of all, by the light coming down from above, as it does when
one walks in a wood.

While the lower part of the Cathedral is in the shadow, only half
illumined by "the dnn religious light" of the dark-stained glass windows
of the aisles, the bright sunbeams will stream downward through
those of the high Clerestory, falling on Column and Triforium, with
an exquisite play of light and shade.

And, lighting up the groined stone roof, the vaulting ribs will
meet like the branching limbs of great forest trees, flecked with
shadows ; or, as in Exeter Cathedral, seem like angel hands, clasped
in prayer above the worshipping congregation.

The next object which catches the eye of every one who enters
the Cathedral, and lifted up high, at the place where Nave and Tran-
septs and Choir meet, will be the Cross of Christ, or the "Rood*' ;
proclaiming to every one who enters here, that this is Christ's House
of Prayer, and that there is no salvation except that which comes
through Christ Crucified.

In most English cathedrals at the crossing of the Nave and Tran-
septs beneath the Central Tower is an open lantern, which swallows
sound. Oftentimes an architectural effect is thus gained. But it is
at the expense of the ideal of Common Prayer and Common Praise ;
for this is the place where the Cathedral services are always held,
where the congregations gather for worship, where the preacher de-
livers his sermon, and where, therefore, everyone should be able to
hear as well as see. By having a continuous groined roof all the way
from the Portico on the West, to the Apse on the East, in the judg-
ment of the Bishop, Chapter and Architects, not only will the architec-
tural unity of the Cathedral be enhanced, but the "Common Prayer"

ideal of the Anglican Communion will be far more adequately realized,
in the heartiness, warmth and devotional character of the services.

High above the worshipping congregation will rise the Cross of
their Lord in the middle of the Chancel Arch, and in the darkest part
of the roof, preaching its own eloquent lesson: "And I; if I be lifted
up will draw all men unto Me." Standing there, as it were, in the
"midday darkness," when for "All three hours, His silence cried," it
will proclaim the Gospel Truth, that men must first come to the Cross,
as sinners, accepting Christ as their Saviour, before they can become
partakers of the power of His Resurrection and the glory of His
Ascension.

The Chancel Arch itself is a characteristic feature; it will be
nearly ten feet broad. On its "soffit," or under side, will be sculptured
the forms of angels, hovering over the Rood and reminding us that
Christ's Incarnation and Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascension, are
the mystery that the "Angels desire to look into." Each angel will
hold a scroll upon which are inscribed the words "Sursum Corda,"
the keynote, as it were, of the whole building.

Then follows the greatest impression of all. From every part of
the great Cathedral, whether one gazes from the West End, or from
the Aisles, or from the crossing of Nave and Transepts, the brightest
spot of light, to which every eye is attracted, will be the Jerusalem
Altar or Communion Table, with its soft dove-colored marble, standings
out in its pure simplicity, with the lofty and richly carved Reredos
behind it, upon which, high up, enthroned in glory, appears the risen
and ascended Christ, our Reigning King.

This wonderful effect of light will come from two great windows
on either side and west of the Altar and Reredos, each 65 feet high,
and hidden from sight, in the thickness of the Cathedral walls. The
radiance here, falling full upon Altar and Reredos, will be a perpetual
and prophetic reminder of the glory of Christ's Resurrection and As-
cension, of the power of His risen life, and of the benison that comes
to all true Christians, through their union with Christ, whenever they
approach the Sacrament of His body and blood, to Do this in remem-
brance of Him,

This same dazzling radiance will so catch the eye, that it will half
reveal and half conceal the apsidal end of the Cathedral, so that it
will appear, in the shadowy distance, as a reminder that the things
which are seen are temporal, while the things which are not seen
are eternal.

The Chapels.

We have spoken of the "End'' of Washington Cathedral. Perhaps
a word of explanation is here needed. In many English and Conti-
nental Cathedrals there is a "Lady Chapel/' prolonging the East End,
behind the Altar ; and this is architecturally so beautiful a feature, and,
practically, so useful as a "Morning Chapel" for small congregations,
that the term has become conventionalized and robbed of all medieval
and unscriptural associations.

In Washington Cathedral we have thought it best, for many rea-
sons, to have no such "Lady Chapel." And the great Cathedral gains
in every way, externally and internally, by having nothing to break
the beautiful harmony of the Apse which surrounds the Jerusalem
Altar.

A far more appropriate place is found for the Chapels that may
be needed^ by utilizing the "Choir Aisles" as such. Looking up from
the West Portico, along the long vista of the Cathedral Aisles, one will
see not, as usual, a blank wall or window at the end, but a place of
prayer with its Altar and Reredos. And as he approaches nearer, he
will find, on each side of the Choir, a beautiful Chapel, about an hun-
dred feet long. On great occasions many communicants can thus re-
ceive at one service.

And, as St. John and the Virgin Mary stood beneath the Cross on
Good Friday, so these two Chapels, standing, as it were, beneath the
arms of the Cross, and entered from the Transepts, will be called by
the names of "St. John" and "St. Mary the Virgin."

The associations of such a dedication will, furthermore, be en-
hanced in the case of St. John, by the fact that Christianity was first
brought over to England by missionaries from Lyons and Gaul, who,
in turn, traced their lineage back to Ephesus, and the disciples of
St. John. And, in the case of the Virgin Mary, by the fact that she
is the representative of all womanhood, as she stood "beneath the
Cross of Jesus," on the day of Christ's Crucifixion, and that this Chapel
dedicated to her, will, thus, be especially appropriate for women's
services, retreats, and devotional meetings, and give the women of the
Church and their organizations their own special place in this Great
Mother-Church.

The Size of the Cathedral.

While it is desirable, of course, to erect an edifice large enough for
the congregation that may gather on great occasions in such a center
as the Capital of the country, it would be very shortsighted to sacrifice
the devotional uses, the religious atmosphere, the architectural beauty

and monumental character of a great cathedral, with its exquisite
Gothic proportions, simply to make a large auditorium for occasions
like these, which come only once in every two or three years. The
best form for such an auditorium is the opera house, and even thus,
there is probably no opera house in the world which will seat 4,000
persons.* A cathedral is a distinctively religious building which is to
point to Christ, not only when great congregations are present, but
when they are absent, and to exercise the spell of its religious influence
every day and every hour of the day, upon all who enter its doors.

The Bishop and Chapter, therefore, told the Architects before-
hand that the chief aim was not to follow the popular notion of build-
ing "something big" which would "hold more people and be larger in
size" than any European Cathedral ; but to upraise a House of Prayer
for All People, which will breathe the devotional spirit of the Old
Masters in Gothic Architecture and be felt by all to be a real witness
for Jesus Christ in the Capital of the Nation.

The Architects have not only set forth a design, in which that
aim has been the ruling thought, but they tell us, in their Report, that
the proposed Cathedral "in its dimensions will be larger than most
of the Cathedrals in England or on the Continent."

This will be seen, when we compare its measurements with those
of European Cathedrals. In making that comparison, however, it
must be borne in mind that scarcely any two books agree as to such
measurements, because in some works, the superficial areas include
the Lady Chapel, the Chapter house or other buildings closely con-
nected with the Cathedral, while in others they do not; similarly,
in the measurements of nave and aisles, etc., the length and breadth
in one book are taken from the centers of piers, etc., and in others
from the span of the arches.

The following table of comparative dimensions is, therefore, only
proximately accurate. The numbers refer to English feet. If, in
some cases, the dimensions of Washington Cathedral seem smaller
than those of some European Cathedrals, it is because a lady chapel,
baptistery, chapter house, etc., are not included in its superficial area
or length, as they often are in the case of these other Cathedrals.

*In New York the Metropolitan Opera House seats 3,500, and the Manhattan
nearly as many. The Opera House of Paris, 2,092; the Alexander, St. Peters-
burg, 2,332; La Scala, Milan, 2,713; Opera House, Berlin, 1,636; Opera House,
Munich, 2,370; Covent Garden, London, 1,684.

Dimensions of Great Cathedrals.

LENGTH.

Washington 480

York 519

Ely 517

Lincoln 493

Canterbury 514

Durham 469

Gloucester 408

Exeter 409

Litchfield 370

Winchester 530

Wells 415

Salisbury 473

Norwich 407

Westminster Abbey 505

Milan 475

Florence 475

Amiens 435

Rheims 430

Cologne 427

Seville

Notre Dame 426

Kidder's Hand-Book gives the following as the capacity of several
European Cathedrals, estimating one person to occupy an area of
19.7 inches square. St. Peter's, Rome, 54,000; Milan Cathedral,
37,000; St. Paul's, London, 25,000; Duomo, Florence, 24,300; Antwerp
Cathedral, 24,000; Notre Dame, Paris, 21,000; St. Sophia, Constanti-
nople, 23,000 ; St. Mark's, Venice, 7,000.

According to this same estimate (19.7 in. sq.) Washington Cathe-
dral will hold over 27,000 persons.

But if we allow seven square feet for each person, seated (and this
includes allowance for aisles, passages, etc.), then Washington Cathe-
dral will seat over 5,000 persons on great occasions, when there will
be standing room for several thousand more. For ordinary services
a congregation of 3,000 may be near enough to the choir and preacher
for all devotional purposes, and if ever a large auditorium is needed,
there is, on the Cathedral Close and overshadowed by the Cathedral
walls, a natural open air amphitheater, whose acoustical properties
are so remarkable that 25,000 persons can hear every word of the
service and sermon.

SPAN OF

rAVE

HEIGHT.

AREA.

63,500

102

63,800

. 46,000

57,200

43,215

53,480

43,515

103

46,000

• • •

92,600

• • •

65,700

144

70,000

125

65,000

• •

155

65,800

• •

• • •

150,000

The Cost of the Cathedral.

The English and Continental Cathedrals were not built in a day.
The different styles of architecture, from Norman to Perpendicular,
visible in different parts, point to different periods ; yet even now but
few of them are finished. And this is the reason why, with all their
unique majesty, there is an impression of incompleteness about them,
as though they were reaching forward to an ideal, which was only
gradually realized and inadequately expressed. The harvest of all this
rich experience has been reaped in, after a life of study by Messrs.
Bodley and Vaughan, and the designs for Washington Cathedral are
the results of this same life-long study. The Bishop and Chapter did
not limit the architects, either as to the cost of the Cathedral or the
time in which it is to be built. The architects were simply asked to
embody their best and most mature thought in the Cathedral design,
even if it will take hundreds of years to build it, and generations to
pay for the work, as it is gradually done.

Thus, the building of Washington Cathedral, from beginning to
end, is a work of faith. "Except the Lord build the House, their labor
is but lost that build it."

But when we face the practical side, there is no apparent need
of waiting hundreds of years. With the progress of modern science
and machinery ; with the great increase of modern wealth ; above all,
with the vast development of Christ's Kingdom and the growth of the
Christian Religion, one day is now as a thousand years of the past.

No exact estimate has yet been made of the detailed cost of
building Washington Cathedral according to the accepted designs of
Messrs. Vaughan and Bodley; and, moreover, no funds are in hand
to do the work.

We have simply placed our own Ideal for a Cathedral in the
Capital of our country before the Church, and left it to tell its own
story, in its own way, with its own commingled religious and patriotic
Associations. The architects say that, if the funds are once in hand,
Washington Cathedral can be built and completed in accordance with
the accepted designs, within five years ; at a cost which will probably
exceed $5,000,000. Probably this seems a very great sum to those
who never pause to think that a Cathedral, when once built, will last
to be a benison and an influence for Christ from century to century.

The amount seems large when contrasted with that expended upon
church work and the extension of Christ's Kingdom on this earth.

But it becomes small enough when compared with the sum required
for the maintenance, protection or extension of earthly kingdoms
themselves.

Nowadays a single battleship of the "Dreadnought" type costs
$10,000,000 — or twice as much as Washington Cathedral.

Such a great engine of war and destruction will wear out, after
15 or 20 years' service; while this Cathedral as a witness for the Prince
of Peace and His Gospel, will endure forever. And the older and
more venerable it grows, the greater its influence becomes.

Of course, any special part of the Cathedral, like the choir, can be
built and used for pubHc worship, for a very much smaller sum.

Sooner or later, we are convinced, the ideal must come home to
the conscience of Christ's followers, for among all the needs of modern
civilization, none is so great as the need of bringing back to the hearts
of the people that love to God, as a Living Person, which Christ called
"The first and Greatest Commandment of all," and of restoring the
corresponding instinct of worship, in the Religious Life of Modern
Times.

The Foundation Stone.

The first stone of Washington Cathedral is the stone Altar, com-
monly called the "Jerusalem Altar," which is to be used in the only
Service of Public Worship which Christ Himself ordained, and re-
garding which His Dying Command was, "This do in Remembrance
of Me."

The most fitting place for the Foundation Stone, therefore, is be-
neath this Jerusalem Altar, and if one glances at the exterior view of
the South elevation of the Cathedral, or the vignette on the cover, he
will see that, owing to the sloping ground at the East End, there is a
well-lighted crypt in this part of the Cathedral beneath the Altar,
illumined by the windows that appear in the designs. The Foundation
Stone, therefore, has been placed beneath the floor of this crypt.

Moreover, as the Jerusalem Altar commemorates and is inscribed
with the Bible record of Christ's Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascen-
sion, it is also fitting, that between the Foundation Stone and the Altar
itself, there should be a chapel, commemorating His Incarnation.

As the Incarnation is the Foundation of the Christian Religion, so
the foundation stone of Washington Cathedral is now the beginning
of the "Bethlehem Chapel of the Nativity," commemorating the Virgin
Birth of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ.

29 ' ^ •"* * r- "* •*"

- * « • • - *

For this purpose a stone was quarried from the field adjoining the
Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and brought to Washington.
This stone, having been inscribed with the text, "The Word was made
flesh and dwelt among us," was imbedded in a block of American
granite to j)rotect it, and laid beneath the floor of the Crypt, where it
will support the Jerusalem Altar for all coming time, and is now the
Foundation stone of God's House of Prayer in the Capital of the
Country.

In the Cathedral Builders' Book, Bishop Satterlee described the
Bethlehem Chapel as follows :

Thi£ Bethlehem Chapel of the Holy Nativity.

"It must be of the simplest and most inexpensive construction, if the
funds contributed are needed for the Foundation itself. But if among
the donors God inspires some person, or persons, of wealth, to finish
the Foundation and build this Chapel, then it may well be made archi-
tecturally one of the most interesting and beautiful parts of the Cathe-
dral, with a distinctive style of its own, and capable of holding a con-
gregation of three hundred. It is for God to decide how this Chapel
is to be provided for and built."

"If, on the one hand, it is not for us, in our ignorance, to deem
that the smallest gift, as seen from Heaven, is of less value than the
largest; neither, on the other hand, are we to take for granted that
it is of more value. In every case, it is the Christ-Hke character of
the motive in the heart of the ofl^erer which sanctifies his offering ; and
if God inspires any donor or donors with the desire to complete the
Foundation of the whole Cathedral, in the way we have suggested, then
the Bethlehem Chapel might well be made, in connection with such
an offering, a 'Memorial Chapel' with the name of the person it com-
memorates graven on a memorial brass, like those of ancient times, and
placed in the floor before the Altar."

It has been not only a labor of love but a duty to conform as far
as possible to the ideas of our first Bishop in respect to this chapel,
especially so because the foundation has been laid and its walls erected
to be a memorial of himself. Instead of being "of the simplest and
most inexpensive construction," it will be in keeping with the grandeur
of his own character and the debt the Diocese owes to his memory, and
will be (to use his own words) "architecturally one of the most inter-
esting and beautiful parts of the Cathedral."

?'; • > 30

INTERIOR or THE BETHLEHEM CHAPEL OF THE HOLY NATIVITY.

Scheme for Decoration of the Bethlehem Chapel.

The principle assumed for the decoration of this Chapel is sug-
gested by its name and by the Foundation Stone of the Cathedral,
around which the Chapel is built. The stone was brought from Beth-
lehem, the birthplace of our Blessed Lord, and, before being laid, was
engraved with the following inscription:

''The Word Was Made Flesh and Dwelt Among Us"

The Bethlehem Chapel, therefore, in its decoration tells the story
of the Nativity and bears permanent witness, in stone, to the doctrine
of the Incarnation.

The Altar and Reredos.

The central panel of the Reredos represents the Nativity of our
Lord. Across the entablature, above the retable, and beneath the panel
of the Nativity, is the fivefold name of our Lord — Wonderful, Coun-
sellor, the Mighty God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of
Peace.

Above the canopy which surrounds the panel of the Nativity the
words **HoLY, Holy, Holy'' appear in the scroll work.

The four figures, two on either side of the panel of the Nativity, are
the four Evangelists, St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke and St. John.

The three panels beneath the mensa of the Altar display three
monograms of our Lord expressing in symboHsm: Jesus Christ the
Beginning and the End.

The border around the Reredos represents the conventionalized
"Holy Thorn of Glastonbury."

To the south of the Altar and against the column is a stone
Credence Table canopied after the pattern of the niches on the side
walls of the Chapel.

On the interior panel of the Credence Table, and beneath the
canopy, the following inscription is engraved on stone from Bethlehem :

'"The Living Bread Which Came Down From Heaven.''

St. John 6, 5L

The Bishop's Tomb.

Immediately east of the Reredos, in the same relative position
which the tomb of Edward the Confessor occupies in Westminster

Abbey, or the Shrine of St. Aiban in St. Alban's Cathedral, is the
recess, with clustering Gothic arches, prepared for Bishop Satter-
lee's tomb. While the style and design for the Tomb is still in
abeyance, enough stone has been left on the eastern wall of the
Reredos to admit of appropriate carving.
The Organ.

At the west end of the Chapel is the organ. Its carved case repre-
sents angelic figures. The stone entablatures on either side are in-
scribed with the words :

"Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good-ivill toward
men."

The Apse Windows.

The only windows in the Bethlehem Chapel which have direct
light are the five Apse windows.

The easternmost of these windows, directly in front of Bishop
Satterlee's tomb, is the "At'c Maria" window, and represents The An-
nunciation of the Archangel Gabriel to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

To the north is the ''Gloria in Excclsis" window, illustrating the
message of the Angel to the Shepherds in the Fields and the Heavenly
Host singing "Gloria in Excelsis Deo.''

The northernmost window gives the Old Testament prophecies
of the Messiah, the figure of the Prophet Micah and his words on
one side of the central panels, and on the other side the figure of the
Prophet Isaiah with his words. Between these two figures is shown
the genealogy of our Lord as given in the Gospel according to St.
Luke, beginning with Adam and Eve and ending with the Blessed
Virgin Mary.

The window south of the easternmost, or Ave Maria, window, is
the Epiphany window and represents the Adoration of the Wise Men,
pres^Hting their gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh.

The southernmost, or Nunc Dimittis, window, portrays The Pres-
entation of Our Lord in the Temple. It contains the figure of Simeon
holding the Child in his arms.

The Doorways.

The light over the south door represents the naming of St. John
the Baptist. The lintel on the doorway on the outside bears the words
from The Benedictus, '*The way of peace,'' and on the same lintel,
on the inside of the door, the words, "Thou shalt go before the face
of the Lord to prepare His ways," also from The Benedictus.

The figures in the light over the north door represent the Visit
of the Blessed Virgin Mary to St. Elizabeth, and the text on the
lintel outside the door is from The Magnificat, "My soul doth magnify
the Lord," and on the same lintel inside of the door the text, "His
mercy is on them that fear Him," also from The Magnificat.

The Niches.

There are four niches, two on each side of the Chapel, and these
four niches contain four figures: the figure of Ruth, the figure of
David, the figure of Anna the Prophetess, and the figure of St. John
the Baptist. Thus we have two figures from the Old Testament and
two figures from the New Testament.

The two smaller niches over the doors into the two vesting rooms
contain the figure of St. Peter oil the north side and the figure of
St. Paul on the south side.

The Building of the Foundation.

The architects, in their Report, strongly recommend and urge,
for practical reasons, that the entire Foundation of the Cathedral be
laid now, from the Western Towers to the Apse on the East, so that
the whole will become ''well bonded together," for all future time.

The cost of this work will amount to almost $250,000, and as
the funds are not yet in hand to undertake it, we have been obliged to
leave this for the future, and lay, for the present, the foundations
of the Choir.

Yet the Bishop and Chapter face this necessity with regret; not
only for architectural reasons, but because of the moral effect upon
the whole Church of completing the entire Foundation of this House
of God, in the Capital of the Country. According to the old proverb,
a thing that is "Once begun is half done.''

The building of Washington Cathedral from the original pur-
chase of the land in 1898 to the present year has been a work
of faith and continuous intercession ; and the free-will offerings, which
have been made, have come from the many, who have given in small
amounts of a single dollar and upwards, to the few who have con-
tributed their thousands. We may be grateful, indeed, that the work
has thus been begun in the New Testament way, for we shall fall
below the New Testament level itself, if we do not thankfully and
ceaselessly remember what Christ so earnestly emphasizes, that God
Himself, whose House we are building, looks not upon the material
value of the gift, but upon that inward spirit of devotion and self-
sacrifice in the heart of the giver, of which it is the outward token.
God grant that Washington Cathedral may be built in this holy spirit
from its Foundation Stone to the highest Angel in the Gloria in
Excelsis Tower.

As a venture of faith, not only in God, but in human nature, we
have dared to hope, that, out of pure love to God, and the desire that
men may pray in God's House of Prayer, the man of wealth, the
professional man and the tradesman, the laborer and serving maid, and
many from all classes, may cast their gifts, great or small, into "the
Treasury of the Temple," in the same spirit of self-sacrifice which
inspired the poor widow ; and reap her reward.

As the names of those who gave for the purchase of the Cathe-
dral Land are now kept in the Record Rolls, which are in the Little
Sanctuary, so all those, who offer their gifts for the Foundation of
Washington Cathedral will hereafter be known as Foundation Build-
ers, and their names will be recorded in the same Book of Re-
membrance.

iFounDation 13uiIDer0

We are now engaged in laying the Foundations of a "House of
Prayer for all people'' which shall stand as a witness for Christ in the
Capital of our Natiofi.

The cost of the Foundation is estimated at about $250,000, which,
for the greater part of the Foundation, is equivalent to $3.00 per square
foot, increasing to about $5.00 per square foot for the Foundations in
connection with the Central and Western Towers.

The building of the eastern end of the Cathedral and the Crypt
Chapel has been undertaken' by the Church people in the Diocese of
Washington, namely: Section 1 as indicated on the Ground Plan.
The Foundations for Section 3 the New York Committee has under-
taken to build, Section 5 has been taken by the Philadelphia Commit-
tee, the Cross Section 7 and 8 has been taken by the Rhode Island
Committee and the bay A9 by the Albany Committee.

Subdividing the Foundation the cost is estimated approximately
as follows :

Foundation of the Choir, Section 1 $50,000

Foundation of the Crossing and the Central Tower in four

parts, $5,000 each, Section 4 20,000

Foundation of the South Transept, Section 3 25,000

Foundation of the North Transept, Section 5 25,000

Foundation of the Nave, nine bays or cross sections, each
complete bay or cross section of the Nave being made of

six parts, viz. : Section 6A $1,000

Section 6B 2,000

Section 6C 2,000

Section 7A 1,000

Section 7B 2,000

Section 7C 2,000

Total for one bay or cross section of the Nave $10,000

Total for nine bays 90,000

Foundation for the West Front and Western Towers made

up of three parts, $10,000 each, Sections 24, 25 and 26. . 30,000
Foundation of the Baptistry, Section 27 10,000

Grand total, estimated cost of Foundations $250,000

Three plans are suggested for offerings toward the continuance
and completion of these Foundations.

First, that some Cathedral Committee take the whole or part of
any one of the subdivisions of the Foundation for their particular
offering, as Washington has taken the Choir, the New York Committee
the South Transept, the Philadelphia Committee the North Transept,
the Rhode Island Committee a Cross Section of the Nave and the
Albany Committee a bay of the Nave.

Secondly, that some individual, independent of the Cathedral Com-
mittees, take the whole or part of one of the subdivisions of the Foun-
dation as his or her particular offering.

Thirdly, in order that everyone may have an opportunity to take
part in the offering for the Foundation, Washington Cathedral Chap-
ter issues five-dollat certificates, known as "Foundation Builders' Cer-
tificates," payment for which may be made in one sum of five dollars
for each certificate, or at the rate of oiie dollar a year for five years ;
the annual payment of one dollar being secured by the signing of the
five coupons attached to each certificate.

The names of those making an pffering for the upraising of
Washington Cathedral will be entered^ as Cathedral Foundation Build-
ers in the Book of Remembrance, which is to be kept in the Chancel
of the Cathedral.

Remittances may be made to the Bishop of Washington, 1407
Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C, or to Thomas Hyde,
Esq., Treasurer, Mt. St. Aiban, Washington, D. C.

All Foundation Builders are asked to use the prayer for the
Upraising of the Cathedral, on page 7.

Washington Cathedral is dedicated to Christ and has a special
office and mission for God to fulfill in the life and welfare of the
Nation.

I ask your prayer and service as Foundation Builders that we
may finish the work God has given us to do in the Name and for the
sake of Jesus Christ, our Lord.

Alfred Harding,

Bishop of Washington,

In tbt i^ame of a Disciple.

The beginnings of Washington Cathedral date back to the eigh-
teenth century, when Joseph Nourse, the private secretary of George
Washington, used to pray, under the Gothic arches of the trees, that
at some future date, God would build a church on "Alban Hill," and
since that day there have been sacred and historic associations con-
nected with the site, hallowed as those which consecrate the beginnings
of most European Cathedrals.

The first service on the Cathedral Close was that of the Upraising
of the Peace Cross, September 25, 1898, commemorating the ending of
the war with Spain. At that service members of the General Conven-
tion, with thousands of the people of Washington, were present, and
President McKinley made an address. The same week the two Houses
of General Convention passed the following resolutions :

(HOUSE OF BISHOPS.) "RESOLVED, THAT THE MEMBERS OF THIS
HOUSE EXPRESS TO THE BISHOP OF WASHINGTON THEIR EARNEST
CONGRATULATION UPON THE HAPPY INAUGURATION OF THE CATHE-
DRAL PROJECT, AND THEIR HEARTY PRAYERS FOR GOD'S CONTINUED
AND ABUNDANT BLESSINGS UPON THIS PART OF HIS IMPORTANT
WORK."

(HOUSE OF BISHOPS.) "WHEREAS, IT HAS BEEN REPRESENTED TO
SOME OF THE BISHOPS ATTENDING THIS SESSION OF THE GENERAL
CONVENTION, THAT THE GRAVE OF THE FIRST BISHOP OF MARY-
LAND, THE RT. REV. THOMAS JOHN CLAGGETT, IS NOT GUARDED
BY A MONUMENT APPROPRIATE TO PERPETUATE THE MEMORY OF A
MAN WHO BORE SUCH RELATIONS TO THE VERY BEGINNINGS OF
OUR ECCLESIASTICAL LIFE; AND,

WHEREAS, THERE IS EMINENT PROPRIETY THAT HIS REMAINS
SHOULD REST IN THE PRECINCTS OF THE CATHEDRAL OF SS. PETER
AND PAUL IN THIS CITY, THEREFORE,

RESOLVED, THAT A COMMITTEE OF FIVE BISHOPS SHALL BE
APPOINTED BY THIS HOUSE, TO WHOM SHALL BE ENTRUSTED THE
WORK OF RAISING A SUFFICIENT FUND TO PROVIDE FOR THE RE-
MOVAL AND REINTERMENT OF THE REMAINS AT SUCH PLACE AS
MAY BE AGREED UPON, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE BISHOP OF
WASHINGTON, AND THE ERECTION OF A MONUMENT FITTING TO
MARK THE GRAVE OF THIS FATHER OF OUR CHURCH, THE FIRST
BISHOP CONSECRATED ON THE AMERICAN CONTINENT."

(HOUSE OF DEPUTIES.) "RESOLVED, THAT THIS HOUSE, MINDFUL
OF YESTERDAY'S NOBLE AND MOST IMPRESSIVE SERVICE OF THE
UNVEILING OF THE CROSS OF PEACE, ON THE PROPOSED SITE OF
THE CATHEDRAL OF SS. PETER AND PAUL, GIVE JOY TO THE BISHOP
OF WASHINGTON FOR THIS FORMAL AND FELICITOUS BEGINNING OF
HIS GREAT CATHEDRAL WORK, IN THE SUCCESS OF WHICH THE
WHOLE CHURCH WILL SHARE AND IN THE DOING OF WHICH THE
WHOLE CHURCH MIGHT WELL ASSIST, AND RENDERS THANKS TO
GOD THAT, THROUGH THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHRISIAN FAITH, THE
OLD WAR CROSS, ALWAYS A SIGN OF WAR AND DESOLATION, IS
BEING MORE AND MORE SUPPLANTED BY CHRIST'S BLESSED CROSS
OF PEACE."

The most recent service on the Cathedral Close was that of the
laying of the Foundation Stone of the great Cathedral Church on
September 29, 1907, followed by the International service of the
Brotherhood of St. Andrew. At this time addresses were delivered by
President Roosevelt, the Bishop of London, and others. Sixty bishops,
two hundred members of the General Convention and between twenty
and thirty thousand persons were present. And the week after the
House of Deputies of the General Convention passed the following
resolution :

"INASMUCH. AS THERE IS NOW IN PROCESS OF ERECTION IN THE
CITY OF WASHINGTON, OUR NATIONAL CAPITAL, THE CATHEDRAL OF
SS. PETER AND PAUL, WHICH FOR MANY OBVIOUS REASONS WE
SHOULD LIKE TO SEE COMPLETED IN OUR DAY AND GENERATION,
THEREFORE,

BE IT RESOLVED, THAT THE TRIENNIAL CONVENTION HELD IN
THE CITY OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, IN 1907, EARNESTLY SUGGESTS
AND RECOMMENDS TO CHURCHMEN, CHURCHWOMEN, AND ALL
OTHERS WHO MAY BE INTERESTED IN THE COMPLETION OF THIS
CATHEDRAL THAT THEY MAKE LIBERAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
BUILDING FUND AND ALSO REMEMBER IT IN THEIR WILLS."

Washington Cathedral, thus rising under the benediction pro-
nounced upon it by our General Convention itself, will be representative
of the whole Church ; and, therefore, when the Foundation Stone was
laid, it was declared that **The Bishop, Chapter, and Diocese of Wash-
ington hold this Cathedral Church as a trust, not only for the people
of the Diocese and city of Washington, but also for the whole Amer-
ican Church, whose every baptized member shall have spiritual part
and ownership in this House of God."

Already, by the Open Air Services on the Cathedral Close, Wash-
intgon Cathedral has shown its power as a great Mission Church and
has so popularized the Episcopal Church that, in the last nine years,
vast congregations, numbering from fifteen to thirty thousand, have
come together on great occasions, under the realization that this Cathe-
dral will be God's House of Prayer for all people.

Already, as a witness for Jesus Qirist and what we believe to be
New Testament Churchmanship, the Cathedral has been a helpful
educational power in respect to the Historic Church and the Faith
once delivered to the Saints.

Already, in the effort to build on the Christian foimdation which
God himself laid in our land, by preserving the robust American type
of Christian character which was developed in the colonial days of our
forefathers, from the settlers of Jamestown to the pilgrims of New

England, Washington Cathedral has been an influence for Church
Unity, and has appealed to the religious and patriotic associations of
those whose hearts are alive with the love of God and of their
Fatherland.

It is right to hope and believe that what has thus been done in
faith is the beginning of a spiritual work which will be permanent;
and that, standing in the midst of the surging, changeful secular life
of the Capital of the Nation, Washington Cathedral will help to con-
serve and perpetuate, with an ever-increasing power for good that
blessed heritage of Christian faith and conduct which has been handed
down to us from the past. For the older and more venerable a Cathe-
dral grows, the more hallowed and enduring its associations become.

For ten years it has been the continuous aim of the Bishop and
Chapter to render this Cathedral Ideal **x\n epistle seen and read of
all men." And they steadfastly believe that when it is thoroughly
understood and shared, not only by Christ's followers in Washington
but in the country at large, the substantial means to supply the spiritual
need and to build the beautiful Gothic Cathedral, designed by Messrs.
Vaughan and Bodley, will surely be forthcoming.

We shall never forget the religious zeal and artistic enthusiasm
with which the late Dr. Bodley co-operated with us in perfecting that
design, until God called him to a higher sphere of service. The sur-
viving architect, Mr. Henry Vaughan, assures us that all things are
now ready, and that for a sum which will not probably exceed five
million dollars Washington Cathedral ran be completed in five years.

How this amount can practically be raised, or from what sources
it will come, we know not ; the Chapter is composed mainly of hard-
working Rectors of parishes or busy men of affairs in public life ;
and the Bishop upon whom comes daily "the care of all the Churches"
has given his spare time wholly to the work of explaining and striving
to create interest in the Cathedral Ideal.

The Cathedral has already been blessed by the co-operation of
those self-sacrificing men and women, living and dead, who have
shared our ideal ; and who have already contributed of their substance
nearly one million dollars, in freeing the Cathedral Close from debt,
or in erecting and endowing the schools and other buildings of the
Cathedral Foundation.

And we shall be grateful for any suggestions, coming from any
source, as to how the necessary funds may be raised, provided, that

no method shall be recommended which tends to the lowering of the
Cathedral Ideal itself. In the Xew Testament we are reminded that
the eye of God rests not only upon the offering but upon the motive
of the offerer, and that "The gift without the giver is bare." Our
l^rd Jesus Christ said : **\Vhosoever shall give a cup of cold water only
in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise
lose his reward," and surely, we are fallen upon strange times and
abnormal conditions, when in lands which call themselves Christian,
we see everywhere about us multitudes who are prone to give in the
name of philanthropy, or socialism, or from some secular interest,
rather than in the name of Jesus Christ.

Indeed, so great emphasis did Christ lay upon the motive of self-
sacrifice in the giver, that in the ending of His ministry, when He
saw a certain poor widow casting into the treasury of the Temple of
God, two mites which make a farthing, He called His disciples unto
Him and said : ''Verily I say unto you that this poor widow hath
cast in more than they all." And if Washington Cathedral is ever to
be built as Christ's "House of Prayer for all people," the building must
be a work of prayer and self-sacrifice, for we may not place one stone
upon another unless we do it in Christ's way, and there are no funds
on hand until God inspires faithful Christian men and women in our
country to provide the means.

May each giver have a sacred motive in offering for so sacred
an object and reap the reward which Christ assures us He "shall in no
zvise lose," realizing that the same All-seeing eye, which watched the
poor widow, will rest upon him, if he offers his gift to Christ in behalf
of those who come to Worship God,

IN THE NAME OF A DISCIPLE.

Henry Y. Satterlee,

Epiphany. A. D. 1908. Bishop of Washington.

^ht CatfteDtal Clo0e*

The land purchased for the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul
originally belonged to Mr. Joseph Nourse, the friend of Washington
and the first Registrar of the Treasury, and is a tract of over forty
acres, on the brow of a hill nearly four hundred feet above the level
of lower Pennsylvania Avenue, and, so far as known, the most lofty
Cathedral site in the world. In process of time, St. John's Church
School was erected upon this spot, and this was followed by St.
Alban's, the first free Church in the District of Columbia.

At several times in its history the property would have become
the site of a private residence and be lost to Divine uses had not the
little church stood in the way, keeping the ground, as we can see now,
for the Cathedral, in unconscious fulfillment of the prophetic text used
by Bishop Coxe at the consecration service of St. Alban's Church,
■"The place whereon thou standest is holy ground."

The Cathedral Building is being erected on the highest point of
land, about midway between St. Alban's Church and the Cathedral
School for Girls.

Its west front is about 350 feet from Wisconsin Avenue, and the
north side, 450 feet south of Woodley Lane. The chancel' is placed
so that the rays of the rising sun will enter the east windows on the
traditional day of our Lord's Ascension, ^lay 4th.

The building will be 480 feet long. In the ravine where the great
Open-Air Services have been held, will be found a natural amphi-
theater, which with little arrangement will furnish an incomparable
place for all such services, with space for twenty-five thousand people.

On the brow of the hill overlooking the ravine stands the Peace
Cross, and in the southwest corner of the Cathedral Close is The Little
Sanctuary containing the Jerusalem Altar, the Glastonbury Cathedra,
the Canterbury Ambon, the Hilda Stone, and the lona Stone. Services
are held here daily.

The All Hallows Gate leads to the Cathedral Choir School for
boys, in front of which will be found the Glastonbury Thorn, a shoot
of the celebrated Holy Thorn of Glastonbury. Here will also be found
the Landmark, and a little farther north the temporary Baptistery,
containing the beautiful white marble font, lined with stones from the
River Jordan. A drinking fountain stands on the southwest side of
the Baptistery.

Southwest of the Cathedral site stands St. Alban's Parish Church,
under whose chancel lies buried the Rt. Rev. Thomas John Claggett,
D. D., the first bishop consecrated on American soil. The tombstones
of the Bishop and his wife, with the epitaph written by Francis Scott
Key, stand in a wall of the church.

The Cathedral School for Boys is situated on the Massachusetts
Avenue frontage, in the southwestern portion of the Close.

The Cathedral School for Girls occupies the extreme northwest
corner of the grounds.

Cbe peace Cross anD talent place.

ON Sunday, October twenty-third, 1898, there was raised on the Cathedral
Close, in the presence of the Bishops, Clergy and Lay Delegates of the
General Convention of the Church, the President of the United States
and thousands of people, an lona Cross of stone, twenty feet in height, called
the Peace Cross.

This cross was raised not only to mark Ihc foundation of the Cathedral of
St. Peter and St. Paul, but to commemorate the time of the first meeting of the
General Convention in the Capital of the United States and the ending of the
War between Spain and the United States.

On the face of the Cross is inscribed: "The sacred monogram, I. H. S. ;
the Diocesan coat of arms and the motto, Scriptura, Sytnbolum, Mysterium.
Ordo, the basis of Church Unity : the prayer from the Litany for Unity, Peace
and Concord to all Nations; and on the pedestal, "Jesus Christ Himself being
the Chief Corner-Stone."

THE SALEM.

In order that the Open-Air Services around the Peace Cross, hallowed by so
many associations, should receive an outward e.vpression of their enduring
character Ihe Cathedral School for Girls has added to the Peace Cross a
large four square base, with broad steps ascending to ihc foot of the Cross on
three sides. On the west this base is extended into a platform or pulpit, with an
inlaid pavement of stones from the Holy Land, and in the center of the pave-
ment the word "Salem," which is by interpretation, "Peace." The preaching
place at the foot of the Cross is thus appropriately dedicated to the preaching
of the Gospel of Peace.

.AIR EVENSONG

THE People's Open-Air Evensong has been held during the summer months
for the past ten years every Siuiday nfternoon on the Cathedral Close.
The services draw together many hundreds of worshippers who in all
probability would in no other way be brought lo hear the Gospel of the
Kingdom of God.

The cause of the attractiveness of these Open-Air Services is apparent to
anyone who has attended them.

As the sun is sinking in the west, strains of music are wafted upon the air,
in the voluntary before the service. The congregation, as they gather, face the
city of Washington, lying in the valley four hundred feet below, where the
exquisitely shaped white dome of the Capitol lifts its head above the reddish
glow of clustered houses.

The leafy trees of the forest near by, frame in the landscape, or stand on
either side, with their interlacing branches, like the Gothic aisles of a Cathedral.
The breeze rustles through the leaves, the birds twitter in the branches, the
commingled feelings of patriotism and religion which the beauty of the scene
inspires, are deepened by the spell of sacred music which floats in the air.
Then the musicians, selected from the United States Marine Band, surround
the Peace Cross, and the keynote of the service is given in the theme of
Mendelssohn's hymn of praise, "i\ll men, all things, all that hath life and breath,
sing to the Lord. Hallelujah." Then comes the service of Evensong, followed
by the simple Gospel message, giving spiritual reality to the devotional feelings
of the moment.

The Peace Cross stands as a majestic sentinel in stone behind the preacher,
and is always before the eyes of the people as they look toward him. Beyond
the preacher and the Cross lies the beautiful city, its domes and spires touched
by the tints of coming sunset, and suggesting thoughts of that other city whose
Builder and Maker is God.

€ht ^U Ct)rp0O0tom jFunD*

PROVISION for a succession of special Cathedral preachers was made long
ago in the statutes of this Cathedral Foundation, by the establishment
of the office of Canon Missioner. The work of the Canon Missioner, as
the name itself indicates, is to conduct missions, to preach to the multitudes,
to spread the Gospel message far and wide, and to preach in the Cathedral
pulpit whenever occasion requires.

To accomplish this object "The St. Chrysostom Fund" has already been
started, the income of which is to be applied to the salary of the Canon Mis-
sioner and the maintenance of preaching services. $6,000 have already been
given to this fund, but at least $44,000 more will be needed to maintain a
clergyman in a position which would command all his energies and occupy
all his time.

The St. Chrysostom Fund is established not only to support a Canon Mis-
sioner and his especial work in our day and generation, but to endow a perma-
nent Office and provide for a succession of Cathedral preachers, each one of
whom will be, as age follows age, a. living voice to proclaim the Gospel — the
good news from Heaven — to sin-burdened souls.

Cfje Little ^anctuarp

An& ItB (ContrtitB.

BK'l'WKKX the J'cacf Cross and the Boys' School stands the gift of the
children of Mrs. Percy R. Pyne known as "thk liTiTLE sanctuary/'
which in accordance with the wish of Bishop Satterlec has been set apart by the
Bishop of Washington as the Chapel of the Boys' School. "The Little Sanc-
tuary" has two attendant towers ; the first of these towers is pierced by a lofty
archway, throujjfli which one obtains an ex(|uisitc glimpse of our nation's most
majestic Imilding, the L'nited States Capitol, and the shining dome of our
National Librar\'. Over this arch is the cathedral lihrary, and adjoining
rises the Bell tower containing a peal of fifteen ])ells, given by Mr. and Mrs.
George S. Bowdoin. in loving memory of Fannie Bowdoin and Fannie Hamilton
Kingsford. Small as it is, "The Little Sanctuary" contains memorials, not
only from the land of our Mother Church in Fngland, but also from the
Church in the Wilderness, as well as the Church on Mt. Zion at Jerusalem.
Mt. Sinai, Jerusalem, Glastonbury, and Canterlmry each bears testimony here
to the continuity and catholicity of the Church in this land. As one steps within
the door, with this knowledge, one feels surely that (iod is in this place, "This
is none other but the house of (iod, and this is the gate of heaven."

The SIXAI CROSS. On the right of the entrance stands a glazed case,
containing the processional cross used at all the important ecclesiastical functions
in the Cathedral Close. This cross, known as the sinai cross, is most artistic,
and was given by his widow in memory of Henry Carrington Bolton, who
himself brought the stones from Mt. Sinai.

The JERUSALEM ALTAR. As one stands within and looks through the
iron screen separating the sanctuary from the shallow nave, the visitor is
struck by the simple majesty of the Jerusalem altar, adorned by a bronze
Jerusalem cross. The Altar is the joint gift of different American Dioceses
and Congregations, as the bronze ta])let on the west wall indicates, and is
composed of stones from Jerusalem, the Holy City.

The ALTAR CROSS was given in loving memory of Adelaide Augusta
Jones Dean, of Boston, 1818-1902, and was consecrated to its present use by
the Most Reverend the Archbishop of Canterbury in September, 1904.

The ATvTAR LIGHTS are the gift of the children of the late Reverend
Churchill Satterlee — Henry Yates Satterlee, Etheldred F'rances Satterlee and
Churchill Satterlee — in memory of their father.

The COMMUNION SERVICF-. A silver Communion Service has been
presented to the Little Sanctuary as a memorial.

The ALTAR VASES, ornamented with Jerusalem Crosses, are the gift of
Mr. and Mrs. Spencer Aldrich.

The brass ALTAR DESK is the gift of the Bishop of Washington and Mrs.
Satterlee, in memorv of their son, the late Reverend Churchill Satterlee.

The ALTAR SERVICE BOOK was giyen in loving memory of the late the
Reverend Francis Harrison, D. D., somewhile Priest of the Diocese of Albany,
and a well-known liturgical scholar, who edited the particular edition repre-
sented by this sumptuous book.

The GLASTONBURY CATHEDRA. On the left of the visitor as he
contemplates the Altar, stands the Cathedra, the Bishop's throne, the exponent
of his official dignity and authority. It is made up of stones from Glastonbury
Abbey, in England, the ancient British abbey which bore the same name as our
Cathedral — St. Peter and St. Paul. These stones, given by the churchmen of
Glastonbury to the churchmen in America, were presented in 1901. They bear
eloquent testimony to our continuity through the English and British Churches
with that of Jerusalem. The Glastonbury CATHf:DRA was erected through the
generosity of "a friend."

The HILDA STONE. On the left of the visitor stands the hilda stone,
named after the Northumbrian princess, St. Hilda, and is from Whitby Abbey,
England. It was given by Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., of Baintry Manor,

England, through the Reverend A. P. Loxley, Rector of St. Ninian's, Whitby.

It contains the "Book of Remembrance," within which are written the names
of those persons and parishes which contributed toward the payment of the
land o£ the Close and the names of the other benefactors of the Cathedral.

The lONA STONE, The stone set in the face of the transept wall is called
the lONA STONE, and is from the ancient Celtic Cathedral on the Island of Ibna.
Its inscription recites the last-recorded words of St, Columba, who entered into
rest on Whitsunday, A. D. 59?: "They who seek the Lord shall want no manner
of thing; that is good."

The CANTERBURY AMBON. In the eastern part of the transept is
placed the Canterbury ambon, or pulpif, the stones of which were given to
Washington Cathedral by the Archbishop of Canterbury, in memory of his
predecessor, Stephen Langton. This Ambon, made of stones from Canterbury
Cathedral, was sculptured under the direction of William D. Caroe, Esq., the
resident architect of that Cathedral.

The ALTAR PAINTINGS. In the Chancel of the Little Sanctuary are
four Altar paintings, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Spencer Aldrich. These paint-
ings, representing St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke, and Si. Andrew, were the
work of Mr. Edward Satterlee, and were originally placed in the sanctuary of
Calvary Chapel, New York.

The LECTERN, The Rev. Charles C, Pierce, D, D., formerly Chaplain of
the United States Army, presented the bronze lectern cast from old cannon.
This lectern was given to be used as an open-air pulpit, to stand on the Salem
Place at the Peace Cross.

The ivy on the walls, also from Canterburv, was brought by Bishop Leonard,
of Ohio, and planted by Miss Lucy V. Mackrille.

The PRAYER BOOKS ANC HVMNAr.s, as Well as the racks, are memorial gifts
from Mrs. A. M. Wilcox.

THE LITTLE SANCTOAl

On the south side of the Chancel in the little Sanctuary is the temporary
Dmb of the first Bishop of Washington, bearing the following inscription:

Henry Yates Satterlee

D.D., LL.D.

First Bishop of Washington

Born January 11, A. D. 1843

Consecrated

Feast of the Annunciation

A. D. 1896

Entered Into Paradise

February 22, A. D. 1908

Holy ^ Holy ^ Holy
Lord God of Hosts
Heaven and Earth are full of thy glory,
Glory be to Thee, O Lord, Most High.

Amen,

On the wrought iron screen by the side of the tomb hangs an engrossed
opy of the beautiful poem written in memoriam by the Bishop of Albany,

Henry Yaotes Satterlee,

Bishop of Washington.

February 22, A. D. 1908.

"After receiving the Sacrament, he died murmuring the Sanctus."

O brave and patient builder, who laid, strong.

The deep foundations of a House of Prayer,

Content to wait, it mattered not how long,

Till corner-stone to capstone should arise;

And with ingenious pains sought, everywhere,

Historic links with many an age and clime;

How has thy purpose been wrought out, to eyes

That look beyond the horizon line of time?

First in the temple of thyself upraised

By God the Holy Ghost to Sainthood high;

Then in thy sudden passing, unamazed.

Up to the City with foundations sure,

God having built and made it; and thy soul

Winged its quick way, filled with God's peace, and pure.

Catching in rapt advance the "Holy" song

"Of angels and, archangels," and the throng

Of saints that to "Heaven's Company" belong.

W. C. Doane.

iairrl)rtl[in an tkt Srua JLMtt (.Mitt Wall).

illllia Altar

ir.WS FKOM THE ROCKS, OUTSIDE THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM

I^ROM WHICH THE STONES OF THE TEMPLE WERE QUARRIED

NOT FAR FROM

■THE PLACE WHICH IS CALLED CALVARY"

-WITHOUT THE GATE"

"NIGH UNTO THE CITY"

WHERE CHRIST WAS CRUCIFIED

AND UURIED, FOR

THE I'LACE WHERE HE WAS CRUCIFIED THERE WAS A GARDEN

AND IN THE GARDEN A NEW SEPULCHRE"

■AND THE SEPULCHRE WAS NIGH AT HAND,"

FROM WHICH ALSO HE AROSE AGAIN

FROM THE DEAD

HAS BEEN GIVEN TO

^ PETER AND PAUL

New Jirsey.

New Meilca,

Sprinofii
TeniiMffl

1 DakoU,
.err. Florida,
.ern Ohio,

[>hilippine Islan
Bhangliai,

THE STONES LEAVING JERUSALEM
52

€:bt Intetiot of tbt Hittlt ^anctuatp.

Q[i)e JrruBaUm Altar.

THE first stone of the Cathedral in the Capital of our country is appropriately the.
altar or communion table around which Christ's own people may now, and through
all coming generations, gather for communion with Him, their reigning King and
ever-living Priest in heaven.
Thus, before a single stone of the material edifice was laid, or any definite thought was
bestowed upon its architectural style, its simple altar stood as a witness for Christ and
Christ's own ideal of Christian brotherhood; as a witness for the only service of public wor-
ship which Christ Himself ordained, and for the pure liturgical prayers of the primitive
Church, and around this altar the coming Cathedral, in God's good time, will shape itself.
This altar was consecrated Ascension Day, 1902, and is the united gift of nearly all of the
Dioceses and Missionary Jurisdictions of the Church. The stones themselves of which the
altar is made come not only from the Holy Land but from the Holy City of Jerusalem. The
stones have been hewn from the limestone rock of the "Quarries of Solomon," the entrance
to which is just without the Damascus Gate.

The altar is twelve feet long, four feet high and three feet broad. It is severe in its
perfect simplicity, without any sculptured ornamentation or carving whatever. On its four
sides are inscribed, in New Testament words, the record of those great events in the life of
Him, to whom every knee shall bow of things in heaven and things in earth — the Crucifixion,
Burial, Resurrection and Ascension of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.

Mnactxptxon on ti^e Altar.
(2Jt|e IFrnnl.

"Whoso Eateth My Flesh and Drinketh My Blood Hath Eternal Life, and I Will Raise
Him Up at the Last Day."

iff Now is Christ risen from the dead and become the first fruits of them that slept.
For since by man came death by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in
Adam all die even so in Christ shall all be made alive. >tf

iff Seeing, then, that we have a great high priest that is passed unto the heavens, Jesus,
the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession. 4f Wherefore he is able also to save them
to the uttermost that come unto God by Him seeing, i^i He ever liveth to make inter-
cession for them. ^

(2Jt|i> Narlii lEnh.

Now in the place where He was crucified, there was a Garden, and in the Garden a new
Sepulchre wherein was never man yet laid, there laid they Jesus, therefore, because of the
Jews' Preparation Day. For the Sepulchre was nigh at hand.

And when they were come to the place which is called Calvary, there they crucified Him
and the malefactors, one on the right hand and the other on the left, then said Jesus, Father
forgive them for they know not what they do. ii« And Pilate wrote a title and put it on the
cross, and the writing was: Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.

ajtie lEaat »\hc.

»I< I am He that liveth and was dead, and behold I am alive for evermore. Amen. i|i
»i< Now, therefore, ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow-citizens with
the saints and of the household of God; and are built upon the foundation of the Apostles and
Prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief corner-stone; in whom all the building fitly
framed together groweth into >l* an holy temple in the Lord, iff

And He took bread and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them. And their eyes were
opened, and they knew Him; and He vanished out of their sight. 4f And they rose up the
same hour, and returned to Jerusalem, and found the eleven gathered together Saying
the Lord is risen indeed and hath appeared to Simon. And they told Him what things were
done in the way, and how •!• He was known to them in breaking of bread.

ifi To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of
God and precious, ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood,
to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. Unto you, therefore,
which believe, He is precious, but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the
builders disallowed the same is made * The Head of the Corner, tff

Cbe aia0ton{iutp Catt)eDta«

^I^HIS Cathedra, made from the stones of Glastonbury Abbey, car-
-A- ries us back to the beginning of Christianity in the British Isles.
There is a traditional story that the Church of Glastonbury was
founded by Joseph of Arimathea. Baronius asserts that this took
place in the year A. D. 43. In any case its origin goes back to the
first Christian missionaries, several hundred years before the landing
of Augustine.

Mr. Stanley Austin, the donor of these historic stones, requested
that they should be formed into a Bishop's chair and remain a witness
to the continuity of the Church. The stones themselves have the
characteristic carving of Glastonbury, and have been taken from that
part of the ruins which was erected about the late Norman period of
English architecture, that is, in the twelfth century. These stones
form the lower part of the chair, the seat or cathedra proper ; and the
two pillars that rise from the arms on either side. The inscription
on the panel forming the back of the chair most appropriately sets
forth the terms of the Chicago- Lambeth Quadrilateral, the basis which
our Church has proposed for Christian Unity, "Holy Scripture and
Apostolic Creed, Holy Sacrament and Apostolic Order." Above the
old Glastonbury pillars on each side of the chair rises a Bishop's
pastoral staff, and in the center, above the panel, the Bishop's mitre.
The panel immediately above the seat of the chair bears witness to the
continuity of the Church in the inscription of the names of twenty-one
l>i shops of historical note, beginning with the names of Eborius, Bishop
of York; Restitutus, Bishop of London, and Adelfius, Bishop of
Carleon-on-Usk, three British Bishops who attended the Council of
Aries in Gaul, A. D. 314.

The cathedra has the following inscription :

THIS GLASTONBURY CATHEDRA

IS RAISED AS A WITNESS TO THE CONTINUITY OF

THE ANGLICAN CHURCH

AND PRESENTED ON

ASCENSION DAY, 1901

THESE STONES FROM THE ANCIENT BRITISH

ABBEY OF SS. PETER AND PAUL

ARE GIVEN

BY THE CHURCHMEN OF GLASTONBURY

TO THE CHURCHMEN IN AMERICA

FOR THE CATHEDRAL

OF SS. PETER AND PAUL

WASHINGTON, D. C.

THE GLASTONHIJKV (.WTHKUHA

CDe 13ook of Bemembcance atiD tte ^ilDa <$tone

ON the south side of the chancel in the "Little Sanctuary" has
been placed the "Biwk of Remkmbrance" in a stone prepared
for it. This "Bo^ik ov Kkmemdrance" contains the names of
benefactors of the Cathedral. Of especial interest is the "Hilda
Stone," which is placed over the opening containing the Book, The
stone, which is from the ancient Abbey of St. Hilda at Whitby in
England, bears the following inscription:

HILDA STONE

FROM

WHITBY ABBEY, ENGLAND

PRFSl^NTF.ll TO THF WASHINGTON CATHEDRAL

SIR CHARLES STRICKLAND

THROUGH

HKV. A. F. LOXLEY

A. D. 1900.

Whitby Abbey was
founded by Hilda, a grand-
niece of King Edwin. It
stood, and the ruins still
remain, upon the summit of
the great Yorkshire cliffs.
Hilda is celebrated for
having established one of
the first schools for girls in
England, and as the head
of a great cluster of schools
for men as well as women.
The greatest title to fame
which the Abbey possesses
is the name of Caedmon,
the Father of English
poetry, who was a herds-
man of the Abbey, but like=
Amos of old became a_-
prophet to the men of hi^
day.

3ona @tone.

In the autumn of 1903 an unexpected and most interesting gift came to the
Cathedral at Washington, from Scotland. It was from the Lord Bishop of
Argyle and the Isles, through the curator of the Island of lona, the Rev. John
Skrine, and was brought to this country by Miss Susan F. Grant. Ii is a stone
from the choir of the ancient lona Cathedral, and comes to us, thus, as a link
with the early Church, which was planted here in the far West, either in Apos-
tolic or post- Apostolic days, the Church of St. Alban, and of Restitutns, Eborius
and Adeltius, those Bishops who were present at the Council of Aries in A. D,
314. the Church of St, Patrick, of St. Columba and St. Aidan, of Si. Cuthbert
and the Venerable Bedc, of Scotland and Northern Britain.

The last-recorded words of St. Columba, who died A. D. 597, have been cut
upon this stone, as shown in the illustration below.

lona Cathedral was founded by Columba

, — ^^^ p A. U. 555. The Island of lona was given to

^L ^^H him to be used for religious purposes, and

^V ^^H I there he also founded a monastery, to which

_M^^^^^I^M th^ whole of northern Scotland and the isles

H^M^B^^^^^^^^^ surrounding owe their hrst knowledge

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Christianity, Here were some the

^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^l men the early our

I^^^^^^^^^^^^B Church. The Kings of Scotland were for

loKA cATMEDBAL many generations crowned by Columba and his

successors at lona. on the stone which now

forms part of the English coronation chair, and when they died they were

buried in that holy isle.

THE lONA STONE

Cf)e Cantetbutp Smiion.

IN the south transept of the Little Sanctuary stands the large stone pulpit or "ambon," to
use the older Eastern word. This ambon is made of stones from Canterbury Cathedral,
given by the Archbishop in memory of his illustrious predecessor, Stephen Langton, who
led the barons when Magna Charta, that bulwark of Anglo-Saxon liberty, was granted
by King John, and has been fashioned into a pulpit through the generosity of friends in this
country. The original scheme was suggested and prepared by Bishop Satterlee and all the
work was done according to the dosign and under the direction of William D. Caroe, Esq.,
architect in charge of Canterbury Cathedral, and illustrates in stone the history of our
English Bible.

The ambon itself is ten feet high, nine feet wide, and nearly fourteen feet in length
if one includes the stone steps by which the speaker will ascend from the floor into the pulpit.
The pulpit stands on stone pillars and is embellished with three bas-reliefs. At the angles
are four statuettes and over the bas-reliefs and statuettes is sculptured a frieze, which
contains the names and dates of the principal editions of the Bible, as translated from the
original Hebrew and Greek into our mother tongue, and revised again and again, until
it is the masterpiece of the English language. The translations recorded on the frieze begin
with the record of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels, A. D. 721, the Wicliflfe Bible, A. D. 1383;
William Tyndale's, A. D. 1525; Bishop Coverdale's Bible, A. D. 1535; Archbishop Cranmer's
Bible, A. D. 1539; the Geneva Bible, A. D. 1560; the Bishop's Bible, A. D. 1568; the "Au-
thorized Version" (King James Bible), A. D. 1611, and the "Revised Version," A. D. 1885.

COMMEMORATES MAGNA CHARTA.

Underneath the frieze the central bas-relief represents Archbishop Stephen Langton
leading the barons under the oaks of Runnymede, handing the Magna Charta to King John
for his signature. Below this group is a scroll containing the first words of the charter,
which bear such eloquent witness to the principles of civil and religious liberty of which the
Bible itself is God's charter.

The left-hand bas-relief represents the venerable Bede on his death bed, dictating to-
one of his pupils the last chapter of his Anglo-Saxon translation of the Gospel of St. John.
The venerable Bede lies buried in Durham Cathedral, England, and while he is known
chiefly for his celebrated church history, one of the earliest authentic English histories in
existence, his memory is no less cherished for his great work in translating the Scriptures-
into his mother tongue.

MARTYRDOM OF TYNDALE.

The right-hand bas-relief represents the martyrdom of William Tyndale, who made and
printed the first English translation of the Bible, A. D. 1525. For this work he was exiled
to Germany, and after many years his enemies tried to persuade him to return, but he refused
to go. He was finally captured and imprisoned in the dungeons of the Castle of Vilvorden,
where, on Friday, October 6, 1536, he was strangled and burnt at the sake. His last words,
"Lord, open the King of England's eyes," are inscribed on a scroll below the bas-relief.

The four statuettes represent those who, at different epochs, stand out as most promi-
nently identified with the history of the English Bible, viz.: King Alfred the Great
(A. D. 871), who set forth the Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer in the common
tongue for the use of his people; John Wicliffe, rector of Lutterworth, who issued his-
English Bible in A. D. 1383; Lancelot Andrewes, Bishop of Winchester, the most prominent
of the translators of the King James, or "Authorized Version," in A. D. 1611, and Westcott^
Bishop of Durham, who was equally a leader in the company which set forth the "Revised
Version" in A. D. 1881-1885.

The ambon thus constructed bears enduring testimony to the progressive and successfuk
efforts of our Church, to give the Bible to the people in their own language.

?.wteA

i/*

i V

'.'VI

ft-

THE canterui:ry J

ON Easter Monday, April 24,
1905, the Sinai Cross was con-
secrated by the Bishop of
Washington in his private chapel.

Tlic Sinai Cross is used as a Pro-
cessional Cross, and is a gift to the
Cathedral of St. Peter and St Paul
by Mrs. Rolton in memory of her
husband, Henry Carrington Bolton,
who was for many years a devoted
Cinirchnian of the Diocese of Wash-
ington.

IMic Cross is of brass and set with
hi<^hly polished stones of a deep
red color, which Dr. Bolton brought
with him from Mt. Sinai on his last
visit to the Holy Land.

The arms of the Cross terminate
in Scallop Shells, which are distinctly
the pilgrim's emblem, emphasizing the
fact that our Christian life is a pil-
grimage. A Scallop Shell has been
used from the earliest days for the
pouring of water on the head of the
candidate in Holy Baptism. The Scal-
lop Shell is also the pilgrim's drinking
cup, symbolizing the living water
which Christ gives us to drink.

On the front of the Cross is af-
fixed a serpent, reminding us of the
serpent which Moses "lifted up" in
the wilderness and typifying the "lift-
ing up" of the Son of Man — ^but a
dead serpent, symbolizing Christ's vic-
tory over sin won on the Cross.

On the face of the Cross is in-
scribed these words: "Let God arise
and let His enemies be scattered: let
them also that hate Him flee before
Him." (Psalm Ixviii. 1.) These
words were used by Moses each morn-
ing during the pilgrimage of the Chil-
dren of Israel in the wilderness as the
Ark set forward, led by the cloud of
the Lord (Numbers x. 35).

The Cross is used at all Cathedral
services.

C&e HanDmacb aiiD @unDiaU

THE CATHKnRAL LANDMARK AND SUN

On the Ascension Day. A. D. 1906. the landmark given by Mrs. Juhan
James to commemorate the freedom of the Cathedral land from all debl,
and the consequent hallowing of the Cathedral Close, was presented and con-
secrated. This landmark is a beautiful bron/.e sundial, surmounting an open-air
altar, on which are inscribed the names of those it commemorates. The
sundial marks not only the hour'; of the day. but the different seasons of the
Christian year by means of a device designed by the Bishop and worked out bv
Rev. Professor Frank H. Bigelow.

iSlasronbutp Cbom.

In the circle east of All Hallows Gate and in

front of the Choir School is the Glastonbury
Thorn, a gift of Mr. Stanley .'\ustin and an
off.-ihoot from the celebrated thorn tree with
which so many legends are connected, known
as the Holy Thorn of Glastonbury. One of
the legends of the Glastonbury Thorn is that
it sprang from the staff of Joseph of Arima-
thca, who was sent by the Apostle Philip to
preach the Gospel in Britain. On reaching
Vniswitrin, afterwards called Glastonbury, he
stuck his staff in the ground to indicate that
he meant to stay there, and the staff put forth
leaves and branches, and every j*ear on Christ-
mas it blossoms.

King Arthur, one of Britain's greatest Kings, around whose name are
gathered the stories of the Round Table and the search for the Holy Grail, was
buried, A. D. S32. at Glastonbury. Giraldus Cambrcnsis was an eye-witness of
the opening of King Arthur's grave in A. D. 1191 by Henry II.

.. D. 4 J.

Catt)eDtaI jFont anD lBaptt0tetp«

rHE Baptistery is situated near the center of the Cathedral grounds.
This building, about fifty feet in diameter, has been erected as a
temporary structure, so that the Font may be used as occasion
requires, and also to protect this beautiful and costly work of art
from injury.

The Font is made of pure white Carrara marble. It is octagonal
in shape, fifteen feet in diameter, and raised on three steps. In the
interior there are stone steps for descending into the water when the
Font is used for immersion.

In the center of the Font stands the figure of the risen Christ, with
upraised hand, giving the great command recorded in the last chapter
of St. Matthew's Gospel, ''Go ye therefore and teach all nations, bap-
tising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the
Holy Ghost," while in his left arm he holds a little child, symbolizing
the command that he gave to St. Peter, after His resurrection, "Feed
my Lambs." In His hands and side are the wounds made when He
was upon the Cross.

There is no halo about the head, the figure tells its own story^
showing that it is our risen Lord, who was crucified and now is alive
forevermore. This figure of Christ stands on a rock, out of which
the waters of baptism flow, thus providing for flowing, that is liznng
water, which was so continuously emphasized by the Primitive Church.
The Interior of the Font is lined with stones gathered from the
River Jordan.

The principal events of our Lord's life, especially those recorded
in the Apostles' Creed, arc sculptured on the eight exterior panels of
the Font, as follows: (1) The Nativity, (2) the Baptism, (3) the
Calling of the Apostles, (4) the Crucifixion, (5) the Resurrection,
(6) the Ascension, (7) the Day of Pentecost, (8) the Coming of
Christ to ransom His own at the Judgment Day. At each corner of
the octagon stand the following Apostolic figures — St. Peter, St. PauU
St. John, Joseph of Arimathea, St. James of Jerusalem, St. Mark,
St. Matthew and St. Luke. All the writers of the New Testament
are here represented, except St. Jude. His place is taken by Joseph of
Arimathea, who gave his new-hewn sepulchre for the entombment
of our blessed Lord. The figure of Joseph of Arimathea thus connects,
through the burial of Christ, the Crucifixion and Resurrection.

Few baptismal Fonts, large enough for immersion, have been
built since the rise of Christian Art, and this Font stands as a witness
to the right of every Christian to have the Sacrament administered by
immersion as well as by pouring, as provided by the Book of Common
Prayer.

iCttt CatbeDial 13aptfsterp anD tbe 3[oiDan jTont.

A large Hrass Tablet will be placed on the wall of
the Baptistery in memory of those by whom the statue of
the Risen Christ, the different bas-reliefs, and the Apos-
tolic figures were given. Also the names of those who
gave the Jordan stones and other parts of the Cathedral
Font, the majority of whom were baptised or brought to
confirmation by the first Bishop of Washington.

Ct)e 3[otDan Atones.

In June, A. D. 190.1. a caravan, bearing a new kind of burden,
different from any ever witne*;sed before in the Holy Land, might
have been ."^een wending its way over the road from Jericho to Joppa.
It was carrying these stones from the bed of the River Jordan, to the
ship that was to carry tliem to far-ofT America to haliow the baptismal
font of the great Cathedral at Washington.

The above photograph sets before us the scene at tlie River Jordan
itself, where the natives clothed in (Oriental garb are gathering these
stones at the Jordan's bank.

The work was done under the supervision and direction of Mr,
Herbert E. Clark, U. S. \'ice-Consul at Jerusalem.

Many are the association.s which the River Jordan has with God's
people in Gospel days, but of course most hallowed of all remembrances
is the baptism of our RIcssed Lord him.self. In the distance is .seen
Quaraiitana, the Mount of the Temptation, identifying the place where
the stones were gathered as the old ford of the Jordan on the roa<l ti>
Damascus, the traditional location of our Lord's baptism.

It cannot be otherwise than an inspiring thought, with tho.se
who, in coming days au'.l centuries, shall be baptised in this Cathedral
Font, that they stood upon the stones of the River Jordan, when, in
fulfillment of the great commission of the Risen Christ to His Apostles,
they were made members of Christ, the children of God, and inheritors
of the Kingdom of Heaven.

Ctje jOational CatDeDtal %ctool tot ISopis.

Pm itdnUt rt pro patrtK

TMK LANE- JOHNSTON BUILPING

In Memoriam

James Buchanan Johnston

Fell Asleep March 25, 1881^Aged 15 Years.

Hekby Elliot Johnston
Fell Asleep October 30, 1882 — Aged 13 Years.
"l-Vc ashed life of Thee, and Thou gavest them a long life,
ever and ever."

^for

MRS, HARRIKT LAXE-JOH\STOX. the niece of James Bu-
chanan. President of the United States, by her will bequeathed
the sum of $300,000 to Washington Cathedral for a school for
boys; one-half of this fnnd was directed to be used for the construc-
tion of a building to be known as the I.ane-Johnston Building, and the
other half to be invested as an endowment fund to be known as the
Lane-Johiisloii Fund, the income of which is for the maintenance of
the school. A further object as expressed in her will for this endow-
ment fund, "while not restricting the general objects of said school,"
is that the income of the fund shall be applied to the free maintenance,
education, and training of choir boys, primarily for those in the service
of the Cathedral. The family names of herself and her husband are
associated with the bequest made in loving memory of their two sons.

whose names are mentioned above. Especial care is thus provided for
Ihe choristers, those "young niinisiers of the sanctuarj'," whose early
years arc devoted especially to the ser\"ice of God and the edification
of His Church. It is intended that tliej- shall be looked up to for
their office sake and that the choir shall thus become the nucleus of
the lai^er school.

In the execution of the trust, the Bishop of Washington appointed
a committee to Wsit Ihe Schools of the English Cathedrals and also
certain of the more important schools for boys in this country, and
to report upon their architecture and administration.

The Boys' School was, therefore, most carefully planned.
The Cornerstone was laid on .\scension Day, A. D, 1905, and the
building was dedicated on .\scension Day, May 9, 1907, the anniversary
of Mrs. Lane-Johnstons birth. The School is situated in the south-
west section of the Cathedral Close, and was opened October 7. 1909.
with Mr. Earl L, Gregg, A. II., as Head Master. The building is
completely equipped with all Tiiodem improvements, and includes a
gymnasium. Recently, a piece of land adjoining the School grounds
has been purchased, to be used for football, basebal), and for an
athletic field, to be known as the "Satterlee Field."

The Bishop of Washington is President of the Board of Trustees,
and Chairman of the School Committee.

liSational CatbeDtal Scdool foe iSfcls.

'^■jE

i(.fK:^^0^' '

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XATIONAI, CATIIKllRAr, SCHOOL KO.

c N",-i:iiiiial Cathedral School continues to be one of the most important
s of Washington school Me. The noble building, which stands at the
northwest corntr of thf Cathedral Close, is the munificent gift of Mrs. Phoebe
A. Hearst to the Cathedral Foundation. Her name will go down to posterity a&
the builder of the tirst hall of Cliristian edncatiou erected on the Cathedral
Close. The interior furnishings were given by Miss M. W. Bruce of New York,
The school was opened In October, 1901), with Miss L. A. Bangs and Miss M. B.
Whiton, B. A., as principals, who in 1906 were sttcceeded by the present
Principal, Mrs. Barbour Walker, M. A.

The Bishop of Washington is President of the Board of Trustees and
Chairman of the School Committee.

A specially fine equipment in the way of fire protection, sanitary, and water
supply, well -ventilated and sunny class rooms, gymnasium, art studio, music
rooms, spacious assembly hall, arrangements for each resident student to occupy
a room of her own. giving opportunity for private life and quiet thought,
and an isolated infirmary for the sick under the care of a trained nurse, have
pleased parents with the care for the preservation of health and the develop-
ment of character.

The Faculty is an unusually capable and competent one, composed of gradu-
ates from the best colleges of the country.

"The School is national as distinguished alike from what is sectional and
from what is foreign ; the School is cathedral as distinguished alike from what is
undisciplined, from what is non-religious and from what is petty." ft is sought
to give the girls such a Christian education as will thoroughly fit them for the
respective spheres of life they will occupy after they leave their Alma Mater.

The corner-stone was iaid on The Ascension Day, 1899, by the
Bishop of Washington. In his address on this occasion the Bishop
said: "The chief aim of this school is to build up character by de-
veloping equally the spiritual, moral, intellectual and physical life of
its pupils, by deepening the sense of Christian responsibility and per-
sonal loyalty to Christ, by aiming at the highest intellectual standards
of modern education, and cultivating trained habits of study, by giving
especial attention to physical health, out-of-door study and exercise,
by surrounding the scholars with elevating social influences, and the
refined atmosphere of cultivated home life." The School was dedi-
cated on The Ascension Day, 1900. Engraved on its corner-stone are
the words :

"For Christ and His childra
ike polished corners of the temple.

The Bishop in his dedication address expressed the aspirations of
all who have been connected with the rearing of this institution, when
he said: "May our daughters ponder those things they learn here,
and keep them in mind that they may so live in this present world
that their children and their children's children shall rise up and call
them blessed."

That our daughters may be as

ENTRANCE HALL.

]3eople*s 0pen«afc DrfnMng^QUatec jfoumafn.

During the summer of 1907 the Open-
Air Congregation gave to the Cathedral
Close a drinking-water fountain. The
fountain is erected on the southwest
wall of the Baptistery and bears an
inscription in the words of our Lord,
■'Whosoever drinketh of this water shall
thirst again; but whosoever drinketh
of the water that I shall give him shall
never thirst."

The water passes through a filter, and
on Sunday afternoon, when the large
crowds assemble, it is iced for the re-
freshment of those gathered at the
Cathedral Close.

Cbe 'BtaDDotli IBoulDet.

the battle of Lc\ii1gti

tion of important ev

with appropriate cer

bronze tablet stating the fact that

grounds. General Edward Braddock with Bi

The Society of Colonial Wars in the
District of Columbia, a patriotic organi-
sation consisting of descendants of an-
cestors who were distinguished in civil
or military life in North America from
the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to
1/75, ami wiiich has among its objects the commemora-
during that period of our Colonial history, dedicated,
of 1907, a boulder on which is a
road in from of the Cathedral
ish troops, marched on their way

to Fort Dnqiiesne, where, meeting a force of French and Indians, he met with
severe disaster, culminating in his death, and from which defeat the British
soldiers were only rescued by the foresight and wise discretion of George
Washington,

C|)e Cat{)eDral dose ^etbices.

JIt. »t. Alban. WasliinQtan. 9. <II.

(@n &unilHi)

Services every Sunday, 7.45, 9.45. and 11 a. m. (in Si. Alban's Parish Churcli).

l^eopitB (Spta Air Snrtuang

Every Sunday afternoon, from Ascension Day to the Sunday next before AH
Saints' Day, at 4 p. m.

Evening Prayer and Address every Sunday afternoon, from All Saints' Day to
Ascension Day, at 4 p. ni,

Wnk Sag ^nbitta

Morning Prayer, ilaily 9 s. m., Evening Prayer, daily 5 p. m.

^oig Bags

Services at 7.4S, 9, and 11 a. m.. and 5 p. ni.

Annual ^ttoitta

The Memorial Sebvick is held in the Cathedral Close, on the Sunday next before,

or the Sunday after. Memorial Day (May 30), at 4 p. m.

The Patriotic Service is held in the Cathedral Close on the Sunday next before,

of the Sunday after, the 4th of July, at 4 p. m.

^atiCF In latBttars

The Cathedral Close is not a public park, hut is open daily to the people, between
sunrise and sunset: the buildings on the grounds arc not open for

ST. ALBAN'S PARISH CHVIRCW.

Cbe ^al of tbe Diocese of S0a$()fn0ton.

Ox THE dexter side of tlie shield appears the Jerusalem Cross
signifying that our Church traces her origin in lineal descent
not to Rome or Constantinople, but to Jerusalem itself, that while
she claims to be only one branch of Christ's Church, she is a true
branch, and a true witness in the twentieth century of what the whole
Catholic and Apostolic Church was in primitive days. The left side
of the shield is blazoned with the coat of arms of General Washington.
He was a devout Churchman, but held from deep conviction the neces-
sity of separation of Church and State. The arms of the Father of
His Country are incorporated into those of the Diocese of Washington
as a suggestion of the principle that the only connection between
Church and State is through each individual man, who is at once a
citizen of the Commonwealth and a citizen of the Kingdom of Heaven.
The motto of the Diocese of Washington sets forth the four Latin
words :

"Scriptnra, Symbohtm, Mysterium, Ordo,"

Holy Scripture and Apostolic Creed, Holy Sacrament and Apostolic
Order — the Anglican basis for the union of Christendom as set forth
by the Chicago Lambeth Conference in the last century.

Ctie ^al of Siiaadt)in0ton CatiieOtal.

THE design of the seal of the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul which has
been adopted by the Chapter, is the work of John H. Buck, formerly
head of the Ecclesiastical Department of the Gorham Company, New
York, and one of the most expert heraldic scholars in this country.

Under the star will be observed the Icthus, or fish, perhaps the earliest
Christian symbol in the Primitive Church. The five letters of the Greek word
for fish are, taken separately, the initials, in Greek, of the words, "Jesus Christ,
God's Son, Saviour." In this way the fish became a symbol of our Lord, and
was a kind of password between Christians of those early times, when they
were under persecution. It was not much used by the Medieval Church and
is not used in modern times, but is a most valuable symbol for a branch of
the Church representing primitive Christianity. The figures of the Apostles arc
accompanied by their traditional symbols. The Keys of St. Peter remind us
thai he opened the door of the Church to both Jews and Gentiles (sec
Acts ii and x). The sword of St. Paul is the emblem of the spirit of martyrdom,
inspired in us by the Word of .God, which is the sword of the Spirit. St, Peter
holds the Gospel of St. Mark, the earliest Gospel, written at the dictation of
St. Peter. St. Paul holds the Chalice and Paten, because, outside of the
Gospels, St. Paul is the New Testament writer who narrates most about the
Holy Communion (see 1 Cor, x and xi). Beneath these figures is the Coat
of Arms of the Diocese of Washington.

Cl)e Con0titution«

THE FOLLOWING BY-LAWS ARE ESTABLISHED BY THE PROTESTANT-EPIS-
COPAL CATHEDRAL FOUNDATION OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR
ITS GOVERNMENT, AND SHALL HEREAFTER BE KNOWN AS THE CONSTI-
TUTION OF SAID CORPORATION.

PREAMBLE.

The purpose of the Cathedral Church in the Diocese of Washington is threefold.

First: It shall be a House of Prayer for all people, forever free and open, welcoming
all who enter its doors to hear the glad tidings of the Kingdom of Heaven, and to worship
God in spirit and in truth. It shall stand in the Capital of our country as a witness for
Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, to-day and forever; and for the Faith once for all
delivered to the saints; and for the ministration of Christ's Holy Word and Sacraments,
which according to His own divine ordinance, is to continue alway unto the end of the
world.

Second: It shall be the Bishop's Church, in which his Cathedra is placed. Inasmuch
as he is called to an apostolic office, and apostolic duties are laid upon him, this Cathedral
Church is to be so built, and its organization is to be so ordered, as to afford him, without
let or hindrance or divisions of his apostolic authority, full and free opportunty for dis-
charging the responsibilities of his sacred office.

Third: It shall be the Mother Church of the Diocese, maintaining and developing
under the pastoral direction of the Bishop and the Dean, his Vicar, the fourfold work of a
Cathedral, viz. :

Worship, under the guidance of a Precentor;
Missions, under the guidance of a Missioner;
Education, under the guidance of a Chancellor;
Charity, under the guidance of an Almoner.

The better to subserve this purpose, all supraparochial organizations in the Diocese,
evangelical and missionary; theological and educational; devotional and musical; charitable
and institutional, should be affiliated with the Cathedral as far as possible.

The work of the Cathedral is not to be that of a Parish Church, because its sphere
is above and beyond that of the parish. So far from interfering with parochial life, it
must be a help and inspiration to all the parishes of the Diocese.

The further and more definite organization of the different parts of the Cathedral
Foundation, in its relation to the Diocese and the Church at large, the functions of the
different officers, the responsibilities, privileges and limitations of each office, the different
spheres of activity and matters of detail, are left open for adjustment as the work develops.

The Bishop, the members of the Cathedral Chapter and the members of the Cathedral
Council are charged with the responsibility, first, of maintaining for the time to come in the
spirit of the Anglican Basis for Church Unity, this ideal of the Cathedral of Washington,
so that its work may be paramount and progressive; and, secondly, of securing that godly
co-operation in the Church, which is set forth by St. Paul in the twelfth and thirteenth
Chapters of the First Epistle to the Corinthians.

ARTICLE L

Of the Object.

The object and purpose of the Corporation known as the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral
Foundation of the District of Columbia, shall be the establishment, erection, maintenance
and management of a Cathedral Church, and its appurtenances in the Diocese of Washington,
in accordance with the doctrine, discipline and worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church
in the United States of America, together with such other foundations, missions, schools
and religious works, as properly may be connected therewith.

ARTICLE II.

Of the Name.

The Washington Cathedral is dedicated to Christ, as His House of Prayer. In honor
of His blessed Apostles and Martyrs it shall be called

THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL.

ARTICLE III.
Of the Government.

Section 1. The government and administration of this Cathedral shall be vested in
the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington and a Cathedral Chapter.

Sec. 2. There shall be a Cathedral Council to act as a Senatns Episcopi in accordance
with ancient precedent.

ARTICLE IV.
Of the Cathedral Chapter.
Section 1. Of Members and Powers.

§ 1. The Board of Trustees of the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation of the
district of Columbia, exercising all the rights and powers conferred upon the Corporation,
and subject to all the duties imposed upon the Corporation by the Charter granted by the
v-ongress of the United States of America, on January 6, 1893 (the feast of the Epiphany),
and all amendments thereto, shall constitute the Cathedral Chapter. It shall consist of fifteen
njembers. The two names, Board of Trustees and Cathedral Chapter, designate one and
^"c same body.

§ 2. The Bishop of the Diocese, being ex officio the Chairman of the Board of Trustees,
snail be ex officio a member of the Chapter 'and its President.

, § 3. The first members of the Cathedral Chapter shall be the Trustees holding office
January 6, 1906; namely, Henry Y. Satterlee, Alexander Mackay-Smith, Randolph H. McKim,
Alfred Harding, John M. Wilson, Charles C. Glover, John A. Kasson, George Truesdell,
James Lowndes, George Dewey, Charles J. Bell, Thomas Hyde, Wayne MacVeagh, Daniel
^- Gilraan, and William C. Rives. They shall continue in office until their successors are
^'^cted, as is hereinafter prescribed.

§ 4. As vacancies in the Chapter occur, whether by death, resignation or otherwise,
^'*^r the adoption of this Constitution, they shall be filled in such manner that the fourteen
™^**ibers of the Chapter, other than the Bishop of the Diocese, shall, as soon as practicable,
^P**sist of seven clerical members, who shall be priests in good standing, five of whom
snail be canonically resident in the Diocese of Washington; and seven lay members who
s'l^ll be well-esteemed communicants of the Church. The said seven clerical and seven
'*y members shall be elected in manner hereinafter provided; they shall each hold office
JOr* two years, and shall be eligible for re-election at the end of their term of office.

Sec. 2. Of Election to the Chapter.
^ § 1. All vacancies among the members of the Chapter shall be filled by election by the

^■^apter, upon nomination by the Bishop.

S 2. In case the Chapter decline to elect a person nominated by the Bishop, another
"^^rnination shall be made by him.

Sec. 3. Of Meetings of the Chapter.

§ 1. An annual meeting of the Chapter shall be held on the Thursday of the first
^^ck in Advent of every year. A full report shall then be made by the Treasurer showing
^■^e exact financial condition of the Corporation.

S 2. The Chapter shall meet at such other stated times as it shall appoint.
I 3. Five members of the Chapter shall constitute a legal quorum.

I 4. Special meetings of the Chapter may be called as occasion requires by the Bishop,
Or in his absence or disability, by the Dean, or by three members of the Chapter.
Sec. 4. Of the Officers of the Cathedral.

§ L The Officers of the Cathedral shall be the Bishop, the Dean, the six Canons, the
Secretary, the Treasurer and Members of the Finance Committee of the Chapter. Of the
six Canons, four shall bear the titles respectively of Precentor, Chancellor, Missioner, and
Almoner. The Dean and the Canons shall be Priests in good standing and Members of the
Chapter. When the office of Dean is vacant, the Bishop shall act as Dean. Appointments
to tiic offices of Dean, Precentor, Chancellor, Missioner, and Almoner, and to the other
two canonries, shall be made by the Chapter upon nomination by the Bishop, as occasion
may require, from the members of the Chapter.

I 2. If a vacancy in the office of Dean or Canon continue unduly, it shall be the
Bishop's duty to nominate some fit person to the vacant office when requested in writing by
a majority of the Members of the Chapter.

I 3. The seven Priests of the Chapter, according to ancient custom, shall be known

as the Presbytery, and to these shall pertain, under the Bishop, all the spiritual functions,

responsibilities and ministrations of the Cathedral, except as otherwise hereinafter provided.

J 4. A Secretarj' shall be elected annually by the Chapter, from among its own members.

I 5. A Treasurer shall be elected annually by the Chai)ter, from among its own members.

I 6. A Finance Committee of three shall be elected annually by the Chapter, from

among its members.

Sec. 5. Of the Ritual and Worship.

The Bishop shall have supreme control of the Ritual and ordering of the Cathedral
services, and the delegation of any part of this power to the Dean or the Presbytery
is left for future consideration.

TEMPORARY PROVISION.

A» long as the offices of Precentor, Chancellor, Missioner, and Almoner, or any one of
them shall be vacant, and whenever in the Bishop's judgment the welfare of the Cathedral
Foundation shall so require, he shall have authority, with the consent of the Chapter, to fill
temporarily such offices by selection from among the Priests of the Diocese, in good
standing; such appointments to continue, each for one year.

ARTICLE V.
Of the Cathedral Council.

Section 1. Of the Functions of the Council.

The Cathedral Council shall devise ways and means of furthering the work of the
Cathedral and of the Diocese, arrange for public and ecclesiastical functions, for meetings of
the General Convention or other organizations of the National Church, which may be held in
Washington, and, in general, shall act as the Bishop's Advisory Council in all matters in
which he shall seek their co-operation, and in the nomination of the Principal Persons of the
Cathedral, when the Bishop so desires.

Sec. 2. Of the Cathedral Councillors and their Functions.

§ 1. Members of the Cathedral Council shall be known as Cathedral Councillors, and
shall consist of:

The Bishop of the Diocese, who shall be ex officio Provost of the Council, the Bishop
Coadjutor, if there be one, and the members of the Cathedral Chapter; the following ex officio
meml)ers of the Diocesan Convention; the members of the Standing Committee of the
Diocese; the Archdeacons of the Diocese; the Deputies of the Diocese sitting in the last
General Convention; the members of the Board of Managers of Diocesan Missions; the
Treasurer of the Diocese; the Secretary of the Diocese; the Chancellor of the Diocese;
the Rector of St. Alban's Parish, and the examining chaplains of the Diocese.

f 2. The Cathedral Council may elect additional members to be called Honorary
Canons of the Cathedral, to serve for five years, and to be eligible for re-election, namely,
such rectors of parishes, professors in colleges, instructors in schools, chaplains connected
with the Diocese, not exceeding ten in the whole, as the Bishop may nominate.

§ 3. The Cathedral Council may also elect additional members, to be called Cathedral
Lecturers, such well-esteemed, devout and godly men, holding fast without wavering the
confession of the Nicene Faith, as shall be nominated by the Bishop. These shall not
exceed fifteen in the whole, and shall hold office for a term not exceeding five years. They
shall be eligible for re-election for a like term under the same conditions.

§ 4. Honorary Canons shall each be required to preach, and the Cathedral Lecturers
to lecture, at least once a year, if so directed in writing by the Bishop, at such time and
place as he may designate.

§ 5. The Cathedral Council shall elect annually its own Secretary and its own Treasurer
from among its own members, the duties of the Treasurer to be designated by statutes
hereafter to be enacted.

§ 6. In case the Council decline to elect an Honorary Canon or Cathedral Lecturer
nominated by the Bishop, another nomination shall be made by him.

§ 7. No man shall be held a Cathedral Councillor, until he has been duly installed
in office.

§ 8. To each member of the Cathedral Council a stall shall, if posible, be assigned
in the choir of the Cathedral, and on all public occasions, when the members of the Cathedral
Council are present in their official capacity, the Clerical Councillors shall wear their proper
vestments, and the Lay Councillors such robes as may be prescribed.

§ 9. A quorum of the Cathedral Council shall consist of twenty members.

ARTICLE VI.
Of Statutes.

SErxiON 1. The Chapter shall have power to adopt from time to time, amend or repeal
statutes for the government of the Cathedral and of all matters pertaining to it and of all
persons connected with it, provided the same shall be reasonable and not inconsistent with
the Charter of the Cathedral Foundation or with this Constitution.

Sec. 2. The Council shall have power to adopt from time to time, to amend or repeal
statutes for its own government and administration, provided that they do not convict with
the Charter, this Constitution or the statutes enacted by the Chapter.

ARTICLE VII.

Of Amending This Constitution.

No change shall be made in this Constitution by addition, omission or alteration, unless
after three months' notice thereof, upon the concurrent vote of two thirds of the members
of the Chapter and the written consent of the Bishop. Any change in Articles I, II, III,
IV, or V, shall first be submitted for the consideration and opinion of the Cathedral Council,
if such Council be then permanently organized.

THE CHAPTER.

Right Reverend Alfred Harding, D. D., LL. D.

Rev. Randolph H. McKim, D. D., LL. D., D. C. L.

Charles C. Glover, Esq.

John M. Wilson, LL. D., Brig.-Gen. U. S. A.

Hon. George Truesdell.

George Dewey, Admiral U. S. N.

Charles J. Bell, Esq.

Thomas Hyde, Esq., Treasurer.

William C. Rives, M. D.

Rev. William L. De Vries, Ph. D., Secretary.

Rev. G. C. F. Bratenahl, D. D.

Rev. Richard Pardee Williams.

Rev. Roland Cotton Smith, D. D.

THE CATHEDRAL COUNCIL.
Provost.
Right Reverend Alfred Harding, D. D., LL. D.

Councillors.
Rev. C. S. Abbott.
Rev. John A. Aspinwall.
Charles J. Bell, Esq.
Marcus Benjamin, Ph. D., Sc. D., LL. D.
Rev. J. H. W. Blake.
Rev. G. C. F. Bratenahl, D. D.
Arthur S. Browne, Esq.
Rev. Chas. E. Buck.
Melville Church, Esq.
Rev. W. G. Davenport.
Rev. William L. De Vries, Ph. D.
George Dewey. Admiral U. S. N.
Rev. George F. Dudley.
Rev. Edward S. Dunlap.
Charles C. Glover, Esq.
J. Holdsworth Gordon, Esq.
C. J. Hedrick, Esq.
Rev. Fredk. B. Howden.
Thomas Hyde, Esq.
Rev. Arthur S. Johns.
S. E. Kramer, Esq.
W. M. Lewin, Esq.
Rev. George H. McGrew, D. D.
Rev. Randolph H. McKim, D. D., LL. D., D. C. L.
Rev. J. Henning Nelms.
Rev. Thomas J. Packard, D. D.
Rev. G. Freeland Peter.
William C. Rives, M. D.
Rev. J. Townsend Russell.
W. H. Singleton, Esq.
Rev. C. Ernest Smith. D. D., D. C. L.
Rev. G. Williamson Smith, D. D., S. T. D., LL. D.
Rev. Herbert Scott Smith, D. D.
Rev. Roland Cotton Smith, D. D.
Chas. H. Stanley, Esq.
Rev. H. W. Stow ell.
James H. Taylor, Esq.
Rev. Robert Talbot.
Hon. George Truesdell.
Rev. Richard Pardee Williams, Secretary.
L. A. WiLMER, Esq.
John M. Wilson, LL. D., Brig.-Gen. U. S. A.

S)ii8itocical s^ote».

From the days of (Icorgc Washington onwards the establishment of a Cathedral in
Washington has been discussed. Various sites and methods for its establishment have been
proposed.

In the diary of Hon. John V. L. Pruyn, under date of March 28, 1871, there is the
record of a proposed gift by William W, Corcoran, Esq., of the entire square in which
his house and grounds were situated, a most valuable piece of ground directly opposite
I-^fayette Square and the White House; Mr. Corcoran's gift was made dependent upon the
securing of at least one million dollars for the erection o£ a "National Cathedral of the
Protestant Episcopal Church at Washington."

Twenty years later, on December 9, 1891, Charles C. Glover, Esq., originated the present
(Cathedral project, and called the first meeting looking toward the organization of a Cathedral
Foundation at his residence, 20 Lafayette .Square. Among those present on this occasion were
Right Reverend William Faret, D. D., Bishop of Maryland; Charles C. Glover, Esq., Hon. J. C.
Bancroft Davis, Hon. John .\. Kasson, Hon. Francis G. Newl.nnds, Hon. George Truesdell, Gen.
John G. Parke, B. H. Warder, Esq., A. T. Britton, Esq., Charles M. Matthews, Esq., Henry E.
Pellew, Esq., John T. Armes, Esq., Thomas Hyde, Esq., Lewis J. Davis, Esq., Henry E.
Davis, Esq., A. C. Barney, Esq., Gen. S. V. Benet, William C. Hill, Esq., Edward J. Stell-
wagen, Esq., Charles J. Bell, Esq., Herman K. Viele, Esq., and Richard H. Goldsborough,
Esq. After Bishop Paret had spoken, Mr. Charles C. Glover strongly advocated a location
in the suburbs where there would be sufficient room for schools and educational institutions,
which he believed would bring living interest to the whole project; a committee was ap-
pointed to select a site and to secure funds to build and endow a "National Cathedral"
in the District of Columbia. It was the sense of this meeting that a great free Church,
beautiful in architecture and well equipped in its appointments, is more needed in this
city than in any other; that the Foundation should include an incorporated body with its
Dean and Chapter, composed of men who should be the ablest preachers and teachers the
Church can produce, and that around the Cathedral building should cluster great schools
for the education of children, clergy houses, a hall for ecclesiastical gatherings, and a
house for visiting clergy.

On December 21, 1892, a meeting was held to hear the report of this Committee on
the Site. The generous offer of a site at Petworth containing thirty acres was reported.
The Committee, however, stated that after careful consideration a site at the corner of
Woodley Lane and the Klingle Road had been selected. Through the generosity of many
persons this site was secured and plans were drawn for a Cathedral around which "should
cluster institutions of learning and mercy."

On the Feast of the Epipany, 1893 (January sixth), a charter for the Protestant Epis-
copal Cathedral Foundation was granted by Congress and approved by the President. The
incorporators elected the following Board of Trustees: The Right Reverend William Paret,
D. D., Bishop of Maryland, President, ex officio; Rev. George W. Douglas, D. D., Rev. R. II.
McKim, D. D., Rev. J. S. B. Hodges, D. D., Rev. A. Mackay-Smith, D. D., Hon. George F.
Edmunds, Gen. John G. Parke, Gen. John M. Wilson, Charles C. Glover, Esq., Hon. George
Truesdell, Hon. John A. Kasson, A. T. Britton, Esq., Henry E. Pellew, Esq., James
Lowndes, Esq., and Theodore W. Noyes, Esq.

In 1896 the Right Reverend Henry Yates Satterlee, D. D., was consecrated first Bishop
of Washington. After due consultation with those actively interested in the Cathedral
project, especially with Charles C. Glover, Esq., who had been the first to ardently recom-
mend a suburban location. Bishop Satterlee determined to surrender the land then held by
the Cathedral Trustees, and to purchase instead the incomparable site now possessed by the
Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation at the corner of Massachusetts and Wisconsin
Avenues, which is nearly four hundred feet above the level of Pennsylvania Avenue and over-
looks the entire City of Washington. Of what has been accomplished since then this Hand Book
gives a partial record.

CI)tonoIogp.

1791. Congress decides to make the future City in the new Federal district the Capital of

the United States.
1801. The Government of the United States removes to the City of Washington.
1845. St. John's School for Boys occupies Mt. Alban.
1855. St. Alban's Free Church built on Mt, Alban.
1866. Mt. St. Alban first suggested for the Cathedral of Washington.

1893. E{ti)iifanQ (January 6th), charter for the Washington Cathedral Foundation granted by
Congress, and approved by the President.

1895. Diocese of Washington set off from Maryland.

1896. JTnuit of tt;r Atmunriation. Consecration of the first Bishop of Washington.

1898. Cathedral land bought for $245,000.
General Convention held in Washington,

Peace Cross raised to mark the foundation of the Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul.
President McKinley made an address, 7,000 persons present.

All i^aintB. Bishop Claggett's remains translated to the Cathedral Close.

1899. ABrrttHUinSag. Laying of the corner-stone of the Cathedral School for Girls.

1900. XlBmiBion Sag. The Cathedral School for Girls was dedicated.

1901. ABmtBion Sag. Raising of the Glastonbury Cathedra.

Retreat for Clergy held in Cathedral Close, June 25-28th, Conductor, Rev. C. H.
Brent, of Boston.

1902. ABrrttBionSag. The Jerusalem Altar placed in the Little Sanctuary.
Dedication of the Little Sanctuary.

Mr. Stanley Austin gives some graftings from Holy Thorn of Glastonbury.
Retreat for Clergy held in Cathedral Close, June 9-1 2th. Conductor, Rev. J. C.
Roper, D. D., of New York.

1903. Retreat for Women held in Cathedral Close, February 22-24th, Conductor, the Bishop

of the Diocese.
The Diocesan Convention constitutes the Cathedral Foundation an institution of the
Diocese of Washington.

AB»nBi0tt Sag. Beginning of third year of Open-Air Services and consecration of

the Hilda Stone.
Bequest of $300,000 by Mrs. Harriet Lane-Johnston for a Cathedral School for Boys.
Open-Air Service of Pan-American Conference of Bishops. Address by President

Roosevelt; 17,000 persons present.

1904. ABrfMBion Sa^. Consecration of the Jordan Font.

Christian Unity Service. Sermon by the Archbishop of Canterbury; 35,000 persons
present.

1905. ABrrttBiatt Satf. Laying of the corner-stone of the Lane-Johnston Memorial Building

of the Cathedral Choir School.

1906. ABrniBion Sag. Hallowing of the Cathedral Close. Erection of the Sundial as a

landmaflc and stone of remembrance.

1907. ABrntSionSag. The Cathedral Choir School dedicated.
The Chimes placed in Belfry of the Little Sanctuary.
Plans for Cathedral accepted.

f^. Mithatl anb All AngrU, Laying of the Foundation Stone of the Cathedral.
Address by President Roosevelt and the Bishop of London, International Broth-
erhood of St. Andrew service. Speakers, the Bishop of London, Associate
Justice David J. Brewer and Father Waggett, S. S. J. E, 30,000 persons
present.

The Unveiling of the Braddock Boulder,

1908. Henry Yates Satterlee, D. D., LL. D., First Bishop of Washington, died February

22d. Burial in the Little Sanctuary.

AB»nBi0tt Sag, Foundation Builders' Service. Breaking of ground for the Bethlehem
Chapel of the Holy Nativity.

1909. (Z(l|r (SonbrrBion of i^t. Paul. Consecration of the second Bishop of Washington.
Christian Workers' Mass Meeting.

ABmiBiott San. Beginning of ninth year of Open-Air Services.

Opening of the Cathedral School for Boys,

Tenth anniversary of the opening of the Cathedral School for Girls.

J^rsBt nf ill* Annuttriation. Work on the Cathedral Fabric begun.
First meeting of the National Cathedral Associations.

ABrraaian Sag. First service on the Cathedral Fabric.

Open-Air Service for Free and Accepted Masons; 5,000 persons present.

All i^aintB* Bag (November 1st), Laying of the corner-stone of the Bethlehem Chapel.
1911. Breaking of Ground for the Bishop's House, on the Cathedral Close.

AarrnBi Beginning of the eleventh year of open air services.

1910.

Ct)e ^ace.

The Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul has
received a beautiful silver and ebony mace
from Mr. Fitzhugh Whitehouse in memory of
his revered father, Bishop Whitehouse, who
was the founder of the cathedral system in
the American Church. The handle of the
mace is of solid ebony, with silver embossed
rings. At the top is a beautiful molded silver
figure of an angel, holding in one hand the
sword of St. Paul and in the other the key
of St. Peter, as emblems of the two apostles
from whom the Cathedral bears its ancient
name. This mace is in the care of the Cathe-
dral Chapter and is used on occasions of pub-
lic services when the Bishop is present.

Clie Peace Cross ^ertiice.

The first of the Open-Air Services
upon tlic Cathedral Close, destined to be-
come so unique a feature in the religious

life of the National Capital, took place
October 23, 1898, when the Peace Cross,
around which the services are held, was
unveiled and dedicated.

At this service, William McKinley,
President of the United States, took part,
as did the Bishops and other Clergy who
were in Washington, attending the last
Triennial Convention of the Ninenteenth
Century. Bishop Satterlee made the
opening adtldess, introducing the Presi-
dent, who said:

PKESiDENT Mckinley's address.

"I appreciate the very great privilege
given me to participate with the ancient
church here represented, its bishops
and its laymen, in this new sowing
for the Master and for men. Every
undertaking like this for the promo-
tion of religion and morality and edu-
cation is a positive gain to citizenship, to
country and to civilization, and in this
single word I wish for the sacred enter-
prise the highest influence and the widest
usefulness."

Bishop Doane also made an address,
followed by Bishop Whipple with pray-
ers and the benediction.

(fi^teat Dpen^ait ^ttitces on ttt CatfieDtal Close*

In addition to the Peace Cross Service there was held on Sunday, October 25, 1903,
an Open-Air Missionary Service for the Pan-American Conference of Bishops and the
Missionary Council. On this occasion the address was made by President Roosevelt from
the following texts: "Thou shalt serve the Lord with all thy heart, with all thy soul, and
with all thy mind," and "Be ye therefore wise as serpents and harmless as doves," to
which the President added the words from the Collect for the day, that, "We being ready
both in body and soul, may cheerfully accomplish those things which Thou commandest."
The President's address was a stirring appeal to all those to whom, to use his own words,
"Is granted the inestimable privilege of doing the Lord's work in this world."

The service closed after a short address by the Archbishop of the West Indies.

Another most notable gathering was the Christian Unity Service on Sunday, Septem-
ber 25, 1904. The address was given by the Archbishop of Canterbury in the form of
what he called a salutation. In the course of his address the Archbishop of Canterbury
said: "No other period of Christendom can compare with ours in the possibilities which are
set within our reach. No other part of Christendom, as I firmly believe, can do for the
world what we on either side of the sea can do for it, if we only will. God give us grace
to answer to that Inspiring call."

On the Feast of St. Michael and All Angels, in the year of our Lord 1907, in the pres-
ence of the President of the United States, sixty-two bishops of the Church of the English-
speaking race, hundreds of clergy, a great vested choir, and thousands of people of all sorts
and conditions, the Bishop of Washington laid the Foundation Stone of the Cathedral of
St. Peter and St. Paul.

"In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. I do
pronounce and declare duly- and truly laid this Foundation Stone of Washington Cathedral,
to be builded here to the glory of the ever blessed Trinity, and in honor of Christ our
Lord,, the Incarnate Son of God, and to be dedicated under the name and title of his
blessed .Apostles and Martyrs, Saint Peter and Saint Paul, as a House of Prayer for all
people, and for the ministration of God's holy Word and Sacraments, according to the
use of the branch of the holy Catholic Church known as the Protestant Episcopal Church
in the United States of America.

"And I do furthermore declare and proclaim that the Bishop, Chapter, and Diocese of
Washington, do hold and administer this Cathedral Church as a trust, for the^ benefit and
use not only of the people of this Diocese and City, but also of the whole American Church,
whose every baptized member shall have part and ownership in this House of God.

"Other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, even Jesus Christ, who is God over
all, blessed for evermore. Amen."

With this declaration the Stone from the fields of Bethlehem, imbedded in a block of
American granite, was laid, the first stone of the superstructure which will support the
Cathedral Altar.

The address on this occasion was given by President Roosevelt.

Following the President's address was the Salutation by the Bishop of London.

At the conclusion of the Salutation the Bishop of Virginia read the offertory sentences,
the Bishop of Maryland offered the closing collects and the Presiding Bishop of the Church
in the United States crowned the great service with the benediction.

At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, on St. Michael and All Angels* Day, A. D. 1907, an
Open-Air Service was held under the auspices of the International Convention of the
Brotherhood of St. Andrew.

Addresses were made by the Bishop of Xondon, Associate Justice David J. Brewer, of
the Supreme Court of the United States, and Father Waggett, of the Society of St. John
the Evangelist.

The presiding Bishop brought the service to a close with the Benediction.

As the sun sank in the west, the long white-robed procession moved up the hill toward
the Peace Cross and St. Alban's Church, singing the familiar hymns, "Onward, Christian
Soldiers" and "Sun of My Soul, my Saviour Dear" and "For all the Saints who from
their labors rest." Thus the beautiful service ended, long to be remembered by tliose
who took part, clergy, choir and people, and last, but not least, the Brotherhood of
St. Andrew.

On All Saints' Day (November 1, 1910) an Open-Air Service was held on the great
foundations of the Cathedral Choir and Sanctuary. The Rt. Rev. Alfred Harding, D. D.,
LL. D., laid the corner-stone of the Bethlehem Chapel of the Holy Nativity, which is to be
<;onstructed in the Crypt of the Cathedral. The Bishop was assisted in the laying of the
•corner-stone by Henry Yates Satterlee, grandson of the first Bishop of Washington.

The sermon was preached by the Rt. Rev. Charles Henry Brent, D. D., Bishop of the
Pliilippines.

Ox All Saints' Day, A. D. 1910, the Corner-stone of the Bethlehem
Chapel of the Holy Nativity was laid in memory of the Right
Reverend Henry Yates Satterlee, D. D., LL. D., First Bishop of
Washington.

The Bethlehem Chapel consists of that portion of the Crypt di-
rectly under the Altar and Sanctuary of the Cathedral. As such, it is
properly the first part of the Cathedral to be built. The Foundation
Stone laid by Bishop Satterlee on the Feast of St. Michael and All
Angels, A. D. 1907, is the first stone of the Reredos of the Bethlehem
Chapel and of the substructure for the Cathedral Altar.

The Corner-stone was laid by the Right Reverend Alfred Hard-
ing, D. D., Bishop of Washington, assisted by Henry Yates Satterlee,
grandson of Bishop Satterlee.

The sermon, preached by Bishop Brent, was at once a tribute to
the memory of Bishop Satterlee, and a statement of the purposes of a
National Cathedral. Bishop Brent began his sermon as follows :

"There are occasions when the preacher does not choose his text,
but rather does the text fix itself in the mind of the preacher and
demand that it be used. And this is one of those occasions. What
text could be taken except the words of the Prophet Isaiah, who said :
'A little child shall lead them/ to-day, when we lay the Corner-stone of
the Bethlehem Chapel of the Holy Nativity with memories of one who
was your chief pastor — a man virile and strong, but yet in spirit a
little child ?

** *As the hills stand about Jerusalem, so standeth the Lord round
about his people/

''On this towering eminence which has kept its sentinel watch over
our capital city since its infancy, the walls of a worthy temple of God,
national in aim, national in name, are about to be reared. It will typify
that in which we all believe — that the God of nations is with us. As
he has watched over us in the past so will He guide and shape our
destiny in the days to come.

"Already has he set His name upon this place, and where God sets
His name, there abides His presence. 'This is none other but the
House of God, and this is the gate of heaven.'

"There will be no mistaking the meaning of this house. Its one
use will be worship. It will be a constant invitation in stone to all
men to come to God, as revealed in Jesus Christ, and in Him to find
illumination and strengtli and contentment. It will be a constant re-
minder to our legislators and statesmen and all who dwell in this
Capital city, that all human law must find for a sure foundation, Divine
law — the law of God.

"The conception of a national Cathedral was the conception of a
man whose sympathies were as broad as mankind, whose patriotism
was as intelligent as it was deep, and whose insight was that of the
pure in heart."

TirE COKXER-STONE SERVICE

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IN accordance with a resohilion passed by the House of Bishops at the Gen-
eral Convention of the Church held in Washington, October, 1898, the

remains of the Right Reverend Thomas John Claggett, the first Bishop of
the Church of God consecrated on American soil, were translated to Ihe
Cathedral ground upon Ihe Feast of All Saints, 1898, and rest in a vault
immediately under the chancel of St. Aiban's Church.

As the Glastonbury Cathedra is a witness to the continuity of the English-
speaking branch of the Church, so Bishop Claggett represents in his own person
the historic Episcopal succession of our Church from the days of the- Apostles
and thus from our Lord Jesus Christ Himself. Through Bishop Claggett every
bishop of the American Church since then derives his succession.

Bishop Qaggett was consecrated First Bishop of Maryland on September 17,
1792. at Trinity Church, New York, during the session of the General Con-
vention. Among his consecrators were :

Samuel 5cabury. Bishop of Connecticut, who was consecrated Noveml>er 14. 17S4, by
" - "■-'---- and William White, Bishop of Pennsylvania, who was consecrated Februar

, 1787,

the Chap

I Lambeth I

, Lond

Xrchbis

op of York, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, 'i

and the

Bishop of Peterborough.

Bis

pUin of the Continental Congress, and Jam

■was Ch

lines a

tiop Claggett and all the Bishops of our Churc
d particularly from James, the Lord's broth

John a

Ephesus. as well as from St. Peter and St.

Roiie,"

Stubbs,

list of thf Bishops from Jerusalem follows

c Glasi

of Canterbury, the

>n the fallowing
itrated Notes on
and the See of
Bi," by William

In Apostolic Days, it was held that the Church of Christ
had no right or authority given her by Christ to originate a
Ministry by herself. The "Apostolic Ministry" means a
Ministry Commissioned by Christ when He chose the Twelve
Apostles. Apostolic Succession means a law of Continuity,
whereby the Order of Ministers, thus begun by Christ, is per-
petuated from century to century, until "the end of the days."

To protect this law of Continuity and prevent any possible
break, it has been the Rule of the Church, from the earliest
days, that no man should be admitted as a Bishop in the
Church of God unless three bishops unite in the Laying On
of Hands. This makes the Apostolic Succession, not like
a chain, in which if one link is lost, the whole line is broken,
but like a net in which there are many hundreds of inter-
lacing lines of succession, and, therefore, no possibility of
any break.

In the following lists several lines of historical succession
are given:

Bishops of Jerusalem.

A.D. A.D.

28. Valens, 191

29. Dolchianus, 194

30. Narcissus, 195

31. Dius, 200

32. Germanio, 207
SS. Gordius, 211

34. Alexander, 237

35. Mazabanes, 251

36. Hymenaeus, 275
^7. Zambdas, 298

38. Herman, 300

39. Macarius I, 310

40. Maximus III, 315
41- Cyril, 330

42. Herenius, 350

43. Hilary, 364

44. John II, 386

45. Praglius, 416

46. Juvenal, 424

47. Anastasiiis, 458

48. Martyrius, 478

49. Salutis, 486

50. Elias, 494

51. John III, 513
John III, said to

have consecrated
David, first Bishop
of Menevia, now
St. David's, Wales.

Bishops of 5t. David's, Wales.

The Diocese of St. David's comprises Southwest Wales.

It is one of the Ancient Sees of the British Church. The

ancient name of St. David's was Mynyw, Latinized into Me-
nevia. In Welsh St. David's is known to-day as Ty-Ddewi,
which signifies David's House. It was a seat of an Archbish-
opric in the British Church.

I. James, the Lord's

brother.

2. Simeon, son of

Clopas,

3. Justus I,

107

4. Zachaeus,

III

5. Tobias,

112

6. Benjamin,

117

7. John I,

119

8. Mathias,

121

9. Philip,

122

10. Seneca,

126

II. Justus II,

127

12. Levi,

128

13. Ephraim,

129

14. Joseph,

131

15. Judas,

132

16. Marcus,

134

17. Cassianus,

146

18. Publius,

154

19. Maximus I,

159

20. Julian,

163

21. Caius,

165

22. Symmachus,

168

23. Caius,

170

24. Julian,

173

25. Maximus II,

178

26. Antonius,

182

27. Capito,

186

Bisb^pt of 51. David's, Wales.

52. David, or Dewi,

Saint, Archbishop.
Commemorated on
March ist, 519

53. Cynog, 544

54. Tcilo, afterwards Bp.

of Llandaff, 566

55. Cencu,

56. M or fad,

57. Haerwncn,

58. Elwaed,

59. Gwrnwen,

60. Lhmwerth,

61. Gwrwyst,

62. Gwgan,

63. Clydawg, 712

64. Einion,

65. Elfod,

66. Ethelman,

67. Elanc,

68. Maelsgwyd,

69. Sadwrnen, 832

70. Cadell,

71. Sulhaithnay,

^2. Nobis, 840

yZ' Idwal,

74. Asser (Adviser and

Instructor of Al-
fred the Great),
afterwards Bishop
of Sherbourne, now
Exeter, 906

75. Arthfael,

76. Sampson, 910
TJ, Ruelyn,

78. Rhydderch, 961

79. Elwin,

A.D.

924

944

999

80. Morbiw,

81. Llunwerth,

82. Eneuris,

83. Hubert,

84. Ivor,

85. Morgeneu,

86. Nathan,

87. leuan,

88. Arwystl,

89. Morgannuc,

90. Erwyn,

91. Trahaearn,

92. Joseph,

93. Bleiddud,

94. Sulien,

95. Abraham,

96. Sulien Ddoeth, 1076

97. Rhyddmarch, 1088

98. Griffri, 1096

99. Bernard, 11 15
100. David Fitz Gerald, 1147

Peter de Leia 11 76

G. de Henelawe, 1203
Jorwerth, 1215

Anselm, 1230

1023
1023

1039
1061

1061

107 1

1076

Id.
102.

103.
104

105. Thomas Wallensis, 1246

106. Richard Carew, 1256

107. Thomas Beck, 1280

108. David Martyn, 1296

109. Henry Gower, 1328
no. John Thoresby, 1347

111. Reginald Brian, 1350

112. Thomas Fastolf, 1353

113. Adam Houghton, 1361

114. John Gilbert, 1389

115. Guy Mone, 1397

116. Henry Chicheley, 1408

Archbishops of Canterbury.

A. D.

16. H. Chicheley, 1414

17. J. Stafford, 1443

18. J. Kemp, 1452

19. T. Bourchier, 1454

20. J. Morton, i486

21. H. Dean, 1502

22. W. Wareham, 1503

23. T. Cranmer, 1533

24. R. Pole, 1556

25. M. Parker, 1559

26. E. Grindall, 1575
2:7. J. Whitgift, 1583

28. R. Bancroft, 1604

29. G. Abbott, 16 ID

30. W. Laud, 1633

31. W. Juxon, 1660

A. D.

Z2. G. Sheldon, 1663

ZZ' W. Sancroft, 1677

34. J. Tillotson, 1691

35. T. Tennison, 1695

36. W. Wake, 1715
Zy. J. Potter, 1736

38. T. Herring, 1747

39. M. Hutton, 1751

40. T. Seeker, 1758

41. F. Cornwallis, 1768

42. J. Moore, 1783

Moore conse-
crated White first
Bishop of Penn-
sylvania.

Bishops of the Church in U. 3.

A. D.

143. White, First Bishop

of Pennsylv'ia, 1790
White was a con-
secrator of Clag-
gett as first Bishop
of Maryland.

144. Claggett, First

Bishop of Mary-
land, 1792

145. Kemp, Md., 1814

146. Stone, Md., 1830

147. Whittingham,

Md., 1840

A. D.

148. Pinkney, Md., 1870

149. Paret, Md., 1885

In 1895 the dio-
cese of Washing-
ton was set off
from the diocese of
Maryland.

150. Satterlee, first

Bishop of Wash-
ington, 1896

151. Harding, second
Bishop of Wash-
ington, 1909

OTHER LINES OP EPISCOPAL SUCCESSION.

A.D.

1. St. John, 33-100

A. D. 100. The Apostle St. John died at Ephesus
about this time {Iren. Ill, 3).

A. D. 97. St. John's pupil, Polycarp, became
Bishop of Smyrna.

Bishops of Smyrna.

2. Polycarp, 97-156

A. D. 156. In this year Polycarp was martyred.
His pupil, Pothinus, had previously been sent to
Gaul as Bishop of Lyons (Eusebius IV, 5).

Bishops uf Lyons.

A.n.

Pothinus, 156-177

A.D. 177 In this
year Potliinus was
martyred and was
succeeded by

10.

II.
12.

13.
14.
15.
16.

17.

18.

19-
20.

21.

Irenseus,

Zacharias,

Elias,

Faustinus,

Verus,

Julius,

Ptolemy,

Vocius,

Maximus,

Tetradus,

Verissimus,

Justus,

Albinus,

Martin,

Antiochus,

Elpidius,

Licarius,

Eucherius I,

187

374

A.D.

22.

Patiens,

451

23.

IvUpicinus,

24.

Rusticus,

494

25.

Stephanus,

499

26.

Viventiolus,

515

27.

Eucherius II,

524

28.

Lupus,

538

29.

Licontius,

542

30.

Sacerdos,

549

31.

Nicetus,

552

32.

Priscus,

573

33.

Aetherius,

589

427

Aetherius, to-
gether with Vir-
gilius, Bishop of
Aries, consecrated
Augustine as Bish-
op at Aries Novem-
ber 16, 597. Au-
gustine afterward
became Archbish-
op of Canterbury.

ArchbUhoiM of Canterbury.

34
35.
36

37.

38.

39.
40.

41.
42.

43-
44.
45.
46.

47.
48.
49-
50.

51.
52.

53.
54.
55.
56.

57.
58.

59-
60.

61.

62.

63.
64.

65.
66.

67.
68.

69.
70.

73'
74.

75.

A.D.

Augustine, 596

Laurence, 605

Melitus. 619

Justus, 624

Honorius, 634

Adeodatus, 654

Theodore, 668

Theodore (him-
self a Greek) was
consecrated as
Bishop by Vitalian,
Bishop of Rome.
(See following
page)

Berthwold, 693

Tatwine, 731

Nothelm, ' 735

Cuthbert, 742

Bregwin, 760

Lambert,

Aethelred,

Wulfred,

Theogild,

Ceolnoth,

Aethelred,

Plegniund,

Athelni,

Wulfelm,

Odo Severus,

Dunstan,

Aethalgar,

Siricus,

Alfric,

Klphage,

Lifing,

Aethelnoth,

Edisus,

Robert,

Stigand,
Lanfranc,
Anselm,
Rodulphus,
Corbel],
Theobald,
Becket,
Richard,
Baldwin,
Fitzjocelin,
Walter,

120.

121.

763

793
803
830
830

871
891

9»5
924

941

959
988

989

996

1005

1013

1020

1038

1050

1052
1070

1093
1 1 14
1 123

1 139
1 162

1 174

1 184

1191

1193
Presiding Bishops

White, first Bishop of
Pennsylvania, was a
consecrator of Hop-
kins as first Bishop of
Vermont.

Hopkins, first Bishop of
Vermont, was a con-
secrator of Tiittle,
first Bishop of Utah,
Idaho and Montana.

A. D.

76. Lang^on, 1207

77. Wetherfield, 1229

78. Edmund, 11 34

79. Boniface, 1245

80. Kilwarby, 1272

81. Peckham, 1278

82. Winchelsey, 1294

83. Reynold, 1313

84. Mepham, 1328

85. Stratford, 1333

86. Bradwarden, 1349

87. Islip, 1349

88. Langham, 1366

89. Whittlesey, 1368

90. Sudbury, 1375

91. Courtney, 1381

92. Arundel, 1396

93. Chicheley, 1414

94. J. Stafford, 1443

95. J. Kemp 1452

96. T. Bourchier, 1454

97. J. Morton, i486

98. H. Dean, 1502

99. W. Wareham, 1503

00. T. Cranmer, 1533

01. R. Pole, 1556

02. M. Parker, 1559

03. E. Grindall, 1575

04. J. Whitgift, 1583

05. R. Bancroft, 1604

06. G. Abbott, 1610

07. W. Laud, 1633

08. W. Juxon, 1660

09. G. Sheldon, 1663

0. W. Bancroft, 1677

1. J. Tillotson, 1691

2. T. Tennison, 1695

3. W. Wake, 1715

4. J. Potter, 1736

5. T. Herring, 1747

6. M. Hutton, 1 75 1

7. T. Seeker, 1758

8. F. Cornwallis, 1768

9. J. Moore, 1783

Moore conse-
crated White first
Bishop of Pennsyl-
vania.

off the Church in U. 5.

122. Tuttle, Bishop of Utah,
Idaho and Montana
was translated to Mis-
souri, 1886, and is
now presiding Bishop
of the Church in U. S.

SS. Peter and Paul, A. D. 68.

Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome.

Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, who wrote in A. D. 177 (Contra Ontnes Haereses)^
gives the order of theearHest Roman Bishops thus: "Linus, Anencletus, Clement."
Irenaeus represents the Roman Church as having been founded ^% the hvo
most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul'*; and then he goes on to say that "the
blessed apostles having founded and builded the Church, committed the ministry
of the episcopate to Linus."

A. D. 64.
Tradition says that
St. Paul, after his
first imprisonment
at Rome, went to
Spain, and possibly
to Britain. That
about this time
Trophimus, the
Ephesian referred to
in the Acts of the
Apostles and in St.
Paul's Second Epis-
tle to Timothy, be-
came First Bishop
of Aries, a town not
far from the present
city of Marseilles.

Bishops of Aries.

A. D.

Trophimus,

Regulus,

Martin I,

254

Victor,

266

Marinus,

313

Martin II,

Valentine,

346

Saturnius,

353

Arternius,

Concerdius,

374

Heros,

Patroclus,

412

Honoratus,

426

Hilary,

433

Ravenus,

449

Augustolis,

455

Leontius,

462

Aenoius,

492

Ceserins,

506

Ananius,

543

Aurelian,

546

Sapandus,

557

Licerius,

585

Virgilius,

588

Virgilius, to-
gether with Aeth-
erius. Bishop of
Lyons, consecrated
Aug^istine as Bish-
op at Aries, No-
vember 16, 597.

A. D. 67.
Tradition says that
there wtre at Rome
about this time the
son and the daughter
of the British King
Caradoc (whom the
Romans called Carj
actacus), Linus and
Claudia, who were
held as hostages for
the good behavior of
their father. Claudia
is thought to be the
British Princess who
was (according to
Martial, the Roman
historian) married
to Pudens, the son
of a Roman senator,
and Linus (British
Llin) is identified
with the first of the
long line of the
Bishops of Rome.
(Claudia, Linus and
Pudens are men-
tioned together in
II Tim. iv : 21).

{Condensed from Ills.

Notes on English

Church Histoiy by
Rev C. A. Lane, S. P,

C.K.)

Bishops of Rone.

A. B.

Linus,

Anencletus,

Clement,

Evarestus,

100

Alexander,

108

Sixtus I,

118

Telesphorus,

128

Hyginus,

138

Pius I,

141

10.

Anicetus,

155

II.

Soter,

166

12.

Eleutherius,

174

13.

Victor I,

187

14.

Zephyrinus,

198

15.

Calixtus I,

216

16.

Urban I,

221

17.

Pontianus,

229

18.

Anteros,

235

Bishops of Rome.— Om/mMAf.

A. D.

A.D.

19.

Fabianus,

236

54.

Boniface II,

530

20.

Cornelius,

251

55.

John II,

532

21.

Lucius I,

252

56.

Agapetus I,

535

22.

Stephanus I,

253

57.

Sylverius,

536

23-

Sixtus II,

257

58.

Vigilius,

540

24.

Dionysis,

259

59.

Pelagius I,

555

25.

Felix I,

269

60.

John III,

560

26.

Eutychianus,

275

61.

Benedict I,

574

27.

Caius,

283

62.

Pelagius II,

578

28.

Marcellinus,

296

63.

Gregory I,

590

29.

Marcellus I,

308

64.

Sabinianus,

604

30.

Eusebius,

310

65.

Boniface III,

606

31.

Melchiades,

311

66.

Boniface IV,

608

32.

Silvester I,

314

67.

Adeodatus,

615

33-

Mark,

336

68.

Boniface V,

619

34.

Julius I,

337

69.

Honorius I,

625

35.

Liberius,

352

70.

Severinus,

640

36.

Damasus I,

366

71.

John IV,

640

37'

Siricus,

385

72.

Theodore I,

642

38.

Anastasius,

398

73-

Martin I,

649

39.

Innocent I,

402

74.

Eugenius I,

654

40.

Zosimus,

417

75.

Vitalian,

658-672

41.

Boniface I,

418

42.

Celestine I,

422

Vitalian conse-

43.

Sixtus III,

432

crated Theodore as

44.

Leo I

440

Bishop in A. D.

668

45.

Hilarus,

461

and Theodore

be-

46.

Simplicius,

468

came the seventh

47-

Felix III,

483

Archbishop of Can-

48.

Gelasius I,

492

terbury. (For

the

49.

Anastasius II,

496

line of the Arch-

50.

Symmachus,

498

bishops of Canter-

51.

Hormisdas,

514

bury, from Theo-

52.

John I,

523

dore on, see page 90 )

53.

Felix IV,

526

GEORGE WASHINGTON, the first President of the
United Stales, and the one to whom under God
the nation owes its independence more than to any
other man, was a communicant, vestryman, and lay-reader
1)1 the lipisi:i.>pal Qnirch, Pohick Church is and always
has heen the parish church of Mt. Vernon. It is five
miles from the mansion, and was built in 1768 from
plans drawn by General Washington, a member of the
building committee. Washington was a vestryman of
this church for twenty years, never permitting, as
liisliop Meade says, "the weather or company to keep
him from church."

Washington was also a vestryman previous to the
Revolution in Christ Church, Alexandria. This church
was erected in 1?67, Washington was one of the first to
buy a pew, and one of the first vestryman chosen. Presi-
Jent Washington's pew in this church is still preserved
as it appeared when occupied by the family. While
President of the United States, and residing in New
York, he attended St. Paul's Church; in Philadelphia,
Christ Church.

Bite 9ait[) of t\tt l^ramfm at tl?e (Sanatitttlicm ai tife %nitrb ^tatra.

We publish below the names of ths> members of the convention which framed
the Constitution of the United States, giving their religious affiliations, showing
that two-thirdc of those who signed this all-important State paper were by birth,
baptism or family connected with the Episcopal Church.

Episcopal Church. — George Washington, Rufus King, William Samuel
Johnson, Alexander Hamilton, David Brearley, Jonathan Dayton, Benjamin
Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, Jared Ingersoll, James
Wilson, Gouverneur Morris, George Read, John Dickinson (nominally), Richard
Bassetl, Jacob Brown, Daniel Jenifer, John Blair, James Madison, Jr., William
Blount, Richard D. Sp right. John Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles
Pi nckney,- Pierce Butler, William Few.

CoNGBEGATinNAr.isT.— ^John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman, Nathaniel Gorham,
Roger Sherman, Abraham Baldwin.

pRESBYTFRi.^x-. — William Livingstone, William Patterson, Gunning Bedford,
Jr., James McHenry, Hugh Williamson.

Roman Catholic. — Thomas Fitzsimmons, Daniel Carroll.

QHfT MaMf 1*^ tl|r ^ignrrs of Hft Btclaratian nf 3ln!ir|iFni>rnrr.

^@e

B®OQ@q

licit. T. stoiiE. A. Midillclon. J. Wilaon. B. Harrison.

G, Ki.sb T. Nelson, J. Hewee. G. Clymcr. F. Lewis. W. Hoopc'

i. Taylor. T. Keyvfar

(DongrtBBtlannltala.

J, Adams. J. iianio.

MS^M

I. S. HuIHiiiglon, W. Whi|)

*. T. Paine. S. Adams. J. Ilartlett. M. Thor
|lrr«bj)IrrtanB

(fuakrrB (2) BaptiBt Unman (Ilall|olU

S. Hopkms. U, Sloi

. J.IUr'

Of the fifty-six actual signers of the Declaration of Independence, two-thirdi
(thirty-four) were members of the Episcopal Church. Our authority for this
statement is the late Bishop Perry of Iowa, who gives all the facts in an inter-
esting pamphlet, entitled "The Faith of the Framers of the Declaration of
Independence."

The above photographs are published by courtesy of S. S. McClure Company.

Jlppendix.

Che englisb (^burcb and the Papal (Klainii

{a) The erroneous claim that the Church of England began with

King Henry VIII.
{b) The erroneous claim that Christianity in Britain owes its origin

to the Roman Catholic Church.

IN the year 609 Ethelbert. the first Christian King of Kent,
having set going the Inree great Cathedral Churches of Canter-
bury, London and Rochester, gave for the support of the Cathedral
Church at London an estate in Kssex called Tillinghara. This estate,
given by Kthelbert in 6oq, is still in the possession of the great Cathe-
dral of London (St. Paul's), audit has been in their possession consecu-
tively forji^oo years. There is no act of Parliament taking this prop-
erty away from the Church of Rome and giving it to the Church of
Kngland, and no act of Parliament taking it away from the Church of
England at any period of her history and giving it to the Church of
Rome ; nor is there any act of Parliament during any of these thir-
teen centuries confirming the title, as though [during the Reforma-
tion, for instance.] it might have been voided or thought to have been
voided.

If any one should say that it was the Roman Church, however, to
which Ethelbert had given this property in 609, in spite of the name,
ihe 'Church of the English," the reply is that in Ethelbert's day,

(a) Pope Gregory VII claimed no jurisdiction;

(b) the distinctively Romish doctrines of papal supremacy and infalli-
bility, transubstantiation, purgatorial indulgencies, the doctrine of the
immaculate conception, etc., etc., etc., were unknown, but the doctrines
of the Church in London at that time correspond closely to the doctrines
held by that same Church in London at the present time.

It is a mistake to conceive of the beginning of Christianity in Eng-
land as of Latin origin, rather was it of Greek. Greek was the lan-
guage of the civilized world at the time of our Saviour's coming. The
Septuagint Greek version and not the Hebrew version of the Old Testa-
ment was in common use; so with the New Testament, the Greek ver-
sion was commonly used until long after the martyrdom of Alban in
304 or the Council of Aries in 314, at which three British Bishops were
present. (The Council of Aries was called by the Emperor Constantine
and met on August i, 314. The Council consisted 01 thirty-three
Bishops. Son-e Bishops, among whom was Silvester, Bishop of Rome,
sent Presbyters and Deacons as their delegates. It is most probable
that Marinus, who was Bishop of Aries at the time, presided by the
Emperor's orders. The Council examined into the cases of Catcilian
and Felix of Aptunga, on an appeal from a Council held at Rome,
whose decision appears to have had but little effect.^ The Bishops
Aries also enacted twenty-two Canons and finally sent its decrees to

Silvester, who was Bishop of the imperial city of Rome, bwt w«s too
aged to attend the Council of Aries in person. ** in order that all mif^ht
know what these decrees were/*— but not to wait for his apprcwl
before they were promulgated.)

// 7vas by order of Pope DamasuSy 366-^84^ that Jeromu Jint tr4imslMted
the scriptures into the Latin tongue.

The earliest Fathers came from the East and, except Tertallian,
wrote in Greek. The earliest principal writers of ecclesiastical his-
tory wrote in Greek. All the Kcumenical Councils, their decrees and
their canons, not to mention the Nicene creed itself, were in Greek.

The Church of Rome itself was in the beginning a colony of Greek
Christians and Grecised Jews: Their liturgical langiiage was Greek, their
organization was Greek, their writers Greek, their scriptures Greek,
their literature Greek, of which the Greek words Church, Bishop, !»riest.
Deacon, Hcclesiastic, Epiphany, Litany, Liturgy, etc., are witnesses.
The Scriptures, therefore, which the first Christian missionaries brought
to England with them were Greek, and the^Latin influence began
many centuries later.

Pope (iregory I, A. D. 590-604, to whom is due the beginning of Latin
influence upon the English Church, an influence which has been pro-
ductive of great good, as well as much evil, always used the name
"the Church of the English," as he called the French Church "the
Church of the Gauls." Of his own Church he spoke as the Roman
Church. He never used such an impossible phrase as the Church of
Rome in England. This same Pope declared that any Bishop or
Pope who claimed to be the Universal Bishop of the World Would be

the Forerunner of AutiChri>t, so that in his day there was no thought
of papal jurisdiction over the Church.

In the succeding centuries such papal claims began to be put forth,
and as they were put forth were resisted by the Engli.sh Church, of
which resistance the following are a few .historical instances :

A. D. 700-800, Cuthbert, Archbishop of Canterbury, summoned a
council of the English Church at Clovesho, proposing that difficult
cases in English ecclesiastical courts should be referred to Rome.
The Council, after due consideration, directed that all questions
should be referred to the Archbishop.

In this century the English Church sided with the (>allican and
Fasteru Church against Rome on the question of " image worship.'* *

A. D. 800-900. Aelfrick, of St. Albans, wrote a letter (which is now
extant in F:xeter Cathedral) against the then recently proiwscd Latin
doctrine of trausubstantiation. Aelfrick's position in regard to this
doctrine is substantially the one found in our thirty-nine articles.

A. I). looo-iioo. Helving on William the Conqueror's oath respecting
their religious liberty, the English Bishops refused Gregory VII's
summons to attend his council at Rome. 'Ihe Bishop of Rome then
summoned Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Rome on penalty
of "deposition and severance from the grace of I'eler if he did not
come within four months. Lanfranc did not go and nothing was done.

A. I). 1100-1200. Pope Urban II declared that the Archbishop of
Canterbury ought to be treated as his, the I'ope's, equal, "the Pope and
Patriarch of another world."

The F:nglish council of Clarendon, A. D. 1164, forbade all appeals to
Rome.

A. D. 1200-1300. On June 15, 1215, King John signed Magna Charta,
whose first words are. " We have granted to God in and by this our
])rf sent charter and have confirmed for us and for our heiis forever
thnt the Church of Fngland should be free and have a!l her rights and
liberties inviolable." The I'ope commanded Stephen Langton, Arch-
bisliop of Canterbury, to excommunicate the barons for their action in

retard to this charter. I^ans^ton refused and Magna Charta stood and
has since been ratified by thirty-three English monarchs. In this same
century, Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1334 resisted Roman
encroachment and Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln, withstood " Innocent **
to his face at Lyons. In 1265, Sewall, Archbishop of York, entirely
disregarded the Roman excommunication fulminated against him.
^ A. D. i30o>i400. In 1336 Parliament passed an act which said that no
Italian priest should tithe or toll in England. The Statutes of Pro-
▼isors and Praemunire, passed by Parliament in this century, forbade
the Bishop of Rome to appoint to any bishopric or other Church Office
in England. In case of his doing so the benefice was declared
to be vacant. The right of nomination lapsed to the King, and the
same statutes appointed confiscation of property and imprisonment to
any one procuring from Rome any appointments, bulls or excommuni-
cations. Wyclif, rector of Lutterworth, and who, in 1380, made the
first translation of the Bible into English, wrote an follows: **The
Bishop of Rome hath no jurisdiction in this realm of England and
never had."

A. D. 1534 The English Bishops in consultation, with one exception,
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, assented to this resolution: '^*Resolved^
That the Bishop of Rome has no greater jurisdiction conferred on him
"by God in this Kingdom than any other foreign bishop."

During the reign of Henry VIII, who died in 1547, and his successor,
Edward VI (1547-1553). and his successor Mary, called Bloody Mary
K '553-1558), and during the first twelve years of the reign of her succes-
sor, Klizabeth, that is to say, both during and after the reformation
period, the Papists, as they were called, and the loyal members of the
Church of England gathered in the same church buildings; no separate
"houses of worship were set up. In 1570, Pope Pius V offered Queen Eliz-
abeth to accept the Book of Common Prayer and the Reforma-
tion if his supremacy was acknowledged. Queen Klizabeth refused
with the words, "Our records show that the pai>al jurisdiction over
this realm was a usurpation; to no power whatever is my crown sub-
ject save to that of Christ, the King of Kings." Pope Pius V then
excommunicated the Q;ieen and ordered his adherents to separate
themselves from the Church of England, out of 9,400 clergy less
than 200 obeyed, and set up a separate worship forming what the
late Bishop Coxe called the Italian schism, and which to-day is known
as the Roman Catholic Church in England and America.

^The above notes are, for the most part, taken from publications of
the Church Historical Society, published by the Society for Promoting
-Christian Knowledge, London, England, from an article in the Church-
man, September 16, 1893, and Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Greek
Church by A. H. Hore.)

G. C. F. Bratenahl, D.D.,
Rector of St. Alhan's and Canon of Washington.

Almoner. — The titk given to the Cathedral Canon or officer
charged with the direction of Church charities and institutions.

Apse. — An architectural term descriptive of the semi-circular, or
polygonal, shape in which the chancel is frequently built.

Archdeacon. — A title given in the American Church to a priest
who presides over an Archdeaconry, one of the divisions into which a
Diocese is divided. The Archdeacon usually has charge, under the
Bishop, of the Missionary work.

Canon. — A Greek word meaning rule,

1. The Canon of Scripture, the books accepted by the Church as
inspired, the Bible.

2. Canon Law, the body of ecclesiastical laws adopted by the
Church.

3. Canon of the Liturgy, the rule for the celebration of the Holy
Communion.

4. Canon, a name given to a member of the Cathedral Chapter
signifying that he is in an especial sense under the canon or rule of
the Bisho]), and that his name is inscribed as an officer on the Canon
or Album of the Cathedral ; to each Clerical Canon is assigned a
definite part of the spiritual work of the Cathedral. The Washington
Constitution provides as follows for the maintenance and develop-
ment under the pastoral direction of the Bishop and the Dean, his
Vicar, of the fourfold work of a Cathedral, viz. :

Worship, under the guidance of a Canon Precentor ;
Missions, under the guidance of a Canon Missioner :
Education, under the guidance of a Canon Chancellor ;
Charity, under the guidance of a Canon Almoner.

Chapter. — A Cathedral Chapter is the Cathedral corporation, or
Board of Trustees, holding and managing its property and, under the
Bishop, is in supreme control of its government.

Council. — The Cathedral Council is a body of clergy and laymen
which acts as an advisory council when tlie Bishop so desires, and is
charged with the management of public functions of the Church,
and acts as a Senatus Episcopi according to ancient precedent.

Crvpt. — A vaulted room beneath a Church, more especially under-
neath the Chancel, where services are held.

Dean. — The chief Canon of a Cathedral. As the Bishop's vicar,
the Dean presides over the Chai)ter in the absence of the Bishop., and
has the pastoral oversight of the Cathedral congregation.

Mission ER. — The title given to the Cathedral Canon or officer
charged with the work of Mission preaching and the oversight of the
Mission work of the Catliedral.

Nave. — The body of the Church building in which the congrega-
tion sits ; derived from the Latin word navis, meaning a ship, signi-
fying **the ark of Christ's Church."

Precentor. — The title given to the Cathedral Canon or officer
charged with the duty of promoting the beauty of divine worship, not
only in the Cathedral, but elsewhere when possible, wath special refer-
ence to the proper rendering of the service and the music.

Presbytery. — The term applied, according to ancient precedent,
to the seven clerical members of the Cathedral Chapter who in early
days were called ''Fratrcs Episcopi/' and who form the Bishop's staff
of Clergy to assist him in the administrative duties of his office.

Reredos. — A carved or sculptured screen of wood or stone placed
above and back of the Altar.

Transepts. — When Churches are built in the form of a cross

they have two wings, one on each side; these projecting w^ngs are
called transepts, north and south.

Verger. — The name given to the man who carries the verge, or
staff, in a Cathedral Service. When not taking part in the service the
Verger often acts as guide and attendant.

Vicar. — One who acts in place or on behalf of another ; a term
applied in the American Church to the minister-in-charge of a con-
gregation, or Mission Church, under the Rector of the Parish.

•- •• • t

• I ! • • * *

100

CatDetiral Cfiurcties; anD e^i$$ionfi.

The Bethlehem Chapel of the Holy Nativity,
In the Crypt of Washington Cathedral.

The Little Sanctuary on the Cathedral Close.

Chapel of the Good Shepherd, 6th Street, Northeast.
Rev. C. S. Abbott, Priest in charge.

All Saints' Chapel, Benning.

Rev. C. S. Abbott, Priest in charge.

Chapel of the Nativity. 14th and Mass. Ave., S. K.
Rev. E. M. Thompson, Priest in charge.

St. Matthew's Chapel, Chesapeake Junction, D. C.
Rev. C. S. Abbott, Priest in charge.

Chapel of the Redeemer, Glen Echo.
Oscar W. Roome. Lay Reader.

Calvary Chapel, 11th and G Streets, N. E.
Rev. F. L A. Bennett, Priest in charge.

St. Monica's Chapel, S. Capitol and L Streets, S. W.
Rev. J. C. Van Loo, Priest in charge.

Chapel of St. Philip the Evangelist, Anacostia, D. C.
Rev. W. V Tunnell.

102

Sathedral foundation Guilders

IN ORDEIR thai eveiyone may have opportunity to take part
in an ofiering lo the glory of God for the upraising of Wash-
ington Cathedral, the Bishop and Chapter issue

foundation Guilders' Certificates

to everyone making an offering of five dollars for the Cathedral
Foundation. This offering may be made in one sum, or
at the rate of one dollar a year for five years, the annual pay-
ment of one dollar being secured by the signing of the five
coupons attached to each certificate. The names of those
making an offering for the upraising of Washii/gton Cathedral
will be entered as Cathedral Foundation Builders in the

^ook of Slemembranee

to be kept in the chancel of the Cathedra!.

Foundation Builders' Certificates may be obtained from
the accredited parochial agents of the Cathedral, or from
the Cathedral Librarian, Mt St Alban, Washington, D.C.

Remittances may be sent to the Bishop of Washington, or to

THE CATHEDRAL UBRARIAN.'

MOUNT SAINT ALBAN,

WASHINGTON, D. C

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